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Estimating the blast sill thickness using changepoint analysis of MWD data
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences ( IF 7.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104443
Veena S. Vezhapparambu , Steinar L. Ellefmo

Abstract Measurement while drilling (MWD) data are collected during production drilling in the open pit operation in question. On every bench in the open pit, a fractured marble zone (sill) is left on top of the hard and un-fractured marble to facilitate subsequent loading and transportation. The boreholes are drilled through this sill and then continue into the solid marble. The varying sill thicknesses cause challenges in the charging and blasting processes since charging the sill can cause fly-rocks and failing to charge enough can result in big boulders that need to be reduced in size through a cost- and time-consuming hammering process. If the sill thickness in each borehole is known, borehole specific charging depths can be developed. This paper shows how a step-wise changepoint analysis on MWD data can be used to estimate sill thicknesses. The estimated sill thicknesses are compared with optical televiewer (OTV) images to validate the predictions. Principal component analysis is used to create variables which gradually explain a decreasing amount of the variances in the data. The study concludes that a mean and variance-based changepoint analysis on the first principal component (PC1) can detect the sill thicknesses with a correlation coefficient equal to 0.98 and sum of squared deviation 0.12 from actual sill thickness. The PC1 is mainly (46% of the variance) described by rotation pressure, feed pressure and dampening pressure, indicating that the variations in these three variables are most important when studying high contrast physical and mechanical differences in rocks.

中文翻译:

使用 MWD 数据的变化点分析来估计防爆门槛厚度

摘要 随钻测量 (MWD) 数据是在所讨论的露天开采作业中的生产钻井过程中收集的。在露天矿的每个工作台上,在坚硬且未破裂的大理石顶部留下破裂的大理石区(窗台),以方便后续的装载和运输。钻孔穿过这个窗台,然后继续进入坚固的大理石。不同的门槛厚度给装料和爆破过程带来了挑战,因为对门槛装料会导致飞石,如果装料不足会导致需要通过成本和耗时的锤击过程减小尺寸的大巨石。如果已知每个钻孔的地基厚度,就可以开发钻孔特定的充电深度。本文展示了如何使用对 MWD 数据的逐步变化点分析来估计门槛厚度。将估计的门槛厚度与光学电视 (OTV) 图像进行比较以验证预测。主成分分析用于创建变量,这些变量逐渐解释数据中方差的减少量。该研究得出的结论是,对第一主成分 (PC1) 的基于均值和方差的变化点分析可以检测门槛厚度,相关系数等于 0.98,与实际门槛厚度的平方偏差总和为 0.12。PC1 主要(方差的 46%)由旋转压力、进给压力和阻尼压力描述,表明这三个变量的变化在研究岩石的高对比度物理和机械差异时最为重要。主成分分析用于创建变量,这些变量逐渐解释数据中方差的减少量。该研究得出的结论是,对第一主成分 (PC1) 的基于均值和方差的变化点分析可以检测门槛厚度,相关系数等于 0.98,与实际门槛厚度的平方偏差总和为 0.12。PC1 主要(方差的 46%)由旋转压力、进给压力和阻尼压力描述,表明这三个变量的变化在研究岩石的高对比度物理和机械差异时最为重要。主成分分析用于创建变量,这些变量逐渐解释数据中方差的减少量。该研究得出的结论是,对第一主成分 (PC1) 的基于均值和方差的变化点分析可以检测门槛厚度,相关系数等于 0.98,与实际门槛厚度的平方偏差总和为 0.12。PC1 主要(方差的 46%)由旋转压力、进给压力和阻尼压力描述,表明这三个变量的变化在研究岩石的高对比度物理和机械差异时最为重要。该研究得出的结论是,对第一主成分 (PC1) 的基于均值和方差的变化点分析可以检测门槛厚度,相关系数等于 0.98,与实际门槛厚度的平方偏差总和为 0.12。PC1 主要(方差的 46%)由旋转压力、进给压力和阻尼压力描述,表明这三个变量的变化在研究岩石的高对比度物理和机械差异时最为重要。该研究得出的结论是,对第一主成分 (PC1) 的基于均值和方差的变化点分析可以检测门槛厚度,相关系数等于 0.98,与实际门槛厚度的平方偏差总和为 0.12。PC1 主要(方差的 46%)由旋转压力、进给压力和阻尼压力描述,表明这三个变量的变化在研究岩石的高对比度物理和机械差异时最为重要。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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