Abstract Truffles are ectomycorrhizal fungi of which several species can be commercially produced in man-made plantations using trees inoculated with their mycelia. The production in tree plantations is meant to increase the availability of economically valued ascocarps on the market and, in the same time preserve natural habitats from an excessive pressure of truffle hunters, as well as limit the damage that they may face due to the inadequate management of truffle-producing regions. Even though plantations of summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) are the most ubiquitous in France and Italy, the Jaszsag region in Hungary has been recently recognized as one of the most productive areas in Europe. Forestry practice in this region often assumes the renovation of autochthonous tree stands by massive sowing of the tree seeds. One of these plantations of oaks (Quercus robur and Q. cerris), spontaneously colonized without artificial inoculation, appeared to produce the highest officially reported amounts of summer truffles in Europe. Therefore, the managing forestry company decided to apply practice that aimed at maintenance of high truffle production. Assuming that climatic and vegetation factors have no impact on ascocarp production within the stand, the plantation provided perfect experimental setup for investigating the influence of very localised soil properties and terrain morphology on truffle abundance. Therefore, in this contribution selected soil properties have been investigated in the entire plantation using specifically designed protocols to characterize the site and find out if the spatial variation in the truffle production can be explained by short-distance differences in soil properties. In the Chernozem soil type that dominated the entire forest stand, soil organic matter (SOM), soluble nitrogen (TN) and properties influenced by SOM and biological activity were positively correlated with high ascocarp production, whereas increased soil aggregate size and clay content was negatively correlated with productivity. The spatial distribution of these parameters appeared strongly related to ascocarp abundance distribution. Chernozem seems to be an ideal type of soil for Tuber aestivum ascocarp production, but terrain morphology and soil properties spatial pattern, which may have been historically influenced by fluvial and aeolian processes, can significantly influence the rate of production. In the case of non-wood products such as truffles, forest management will necessarily have to consider the conditions of the soil environment that, influencing the presence of the truffle species, can make their production interesting in terms of income for the forest owner.

中文翻译：

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土壤参数解释了Tuber aestivum Vittad 产量的短距离变化。在大匈牙利平原（匈牙利 Jászság 地区）中北部的橡树种植园中

摘要 松露是外生菌根真菌，其中的几个物种可以在人造种植园中使用接种菌丝体的树木进行商业化生产。人工林的生产旨在增加市场上具有经济价值的囊果树的供应量，同时保护自然栖息地免受松露猎人过度压力的影响，并限制他们因管理不善而可能面临的损害松露产区。尽管夏季松露 (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) 种植园在法国和意大利最为普遍，但匈牙利的 Jaszsag 地区最近被公认为欧洲产量最高的地区之一。该地区的林业实践通常假设通过大量播种树木种子来修复本土树木。这些橡树种植园之一（Quercus robur 和 Q. cerris）在没有人工接种的情况下自发定植，似乎生产了欧洲官方报告的最高数量的夏季松露。因此，管理林业公司决定采用旨在维持高松露产量的做法。假设气候和植被因素对林分内的子果皮产量没有影响，种植园为研究非常局部的土壤特性和地形形态对松露丰度的影响提供了完美的实验装置。所以，在这一贡献中，使用专门设计的协议在整个种植园中研究了选定的土壤特性，以表征该地点，并找出松露生产的空间变化是否可以用土壤特性的短距离差异来解释。在占主导地位的整个林分的黑钙土类型中，土壤有机质（SOM）、可溶性氮（TN）和受 SOM 和生物活性影响的特性与高子果皮产量呈正相关，而土壤团聚体大小和粘土含量的增加与高产呈负相关。与生产力相关。这些参数的空间分布似乎与子囊果丰度分布密切相关。黑钙土似乎是块茎产子囊果的理想土壤类型，但是，历史上可能受河流和风成过程影响的地形形态和土壤特性空间格局可以显着影响生产速度。对于松露等非木材产品，森林管理必须考虑土壤环境条件，这些条件会影响松露物种的存在，使它们的生产在森林所有者的收入方面变得有趣。