Cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation and can occur through three mechanisms: recurrence of a recipient’s pre-transplant malignancy, donor-related transmission and de novo development. Currently, the decision to list a patient with a history of malignancy is an individual one. Screening guidelines for potential donors and for recipients after transplant are still widely based on general population guidelines, while the role of chronic immunosuppression remains controversial. These shortcomings mean that patients present at diagnosis with advanced stages of the disease, often precluding curative treatments. The present review summarizes current recommendations for the screening of recipients and donors for pre- and post-transplant malignancies, and current management of recipients who develop cancer after a liver transplant.

癌症是肝移植后发病和死亡的重要原因，可通过三种机制发生：受体移植前的恶性肿瘤复发，与供体有关的传播和新生发展。当前，列出具有恶性病史的患者的决定是个人的决定。潜在的供体和移植后接受者的筛查指南仍广泛基于一般人群指南，而慢性免疫抑制的作用仍存在争议。这些缺点意味着在诊断时处于疾病晚期的患者通常不能进行治疗。本综述总结了目前对筛查移植前和移植后恶性肿瘤的接受者和捐献者的建议，以及对肝移植后发生癌症的接受者的当前管理方法。