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Urban food accessibility and diversity: Exploring the role of small non-chain grocers
Applied Geography ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102275
Katharine Yang Bao , Daoqin Tong , David A. Plane , Stephanie Buechler

Abstract Access to a variety of affordable and healthy food has been a critical component in sustainable food-system planning. Research on food accessibility and food deserts (low-income areas with no or limited access to healthy food) can have important policy implications for alleviating health disparities. In the existing food access literature, supermarkets or large chain grocery stores have typically been used as the basis for measuring food access. Independent/non-chain grocers are often left out. We propose a multidimensional accessibility based assessment method to examine whether and how independent grocers help shape the food landscape and their locational strategy. A food desert elimination optimization model is formulated to evaluate the effectiveness of relying on small, full-service grocers for servicing food desert neighborhoods. The empirical study conducted in Tucson, Arizona indicates that, while full-service independent grocers fill some gaps left by chain markets, such stores are more helpful for improving food access diversity; this is reflected by the co-locating patterns of chain and non-chain stores. A few independent stores do, however, primarily serve food deserts in racially/ethnically diverse neighborhoods where higher proportions of residents rely on public assistance program and have limited mobility. Our case study suggests that small, independent grocers may have significant potential to aid in servicing areas with no or limited access to healthy food, particularly if policy incentives are provided.

中文翻译:

城市食品的可及性和多样性:探索小型非连锁杂货店的作用

摘要 获得各种负担得起的健康食品一直是可持续食品系统规划的关键组成部分。对食物可及性和食物荒漠(无法获得或有限获得健康食物的低收入地区)的研究对缓解健康差距具有重要的政策意义。在现有的食物获取文献中,超市或大型连锁杂货店通常被用作衡量食物获取的基础。独立/非连锁杂货店经常被排除在外。我们提出了一种基于多维可达性的评估方法,以检查独立杂货商是否以及如何帮助塑造食品景观及其选址策略。制定了食物荒漠消除优化模型,以评估依赖小型全方位服务杂货店为食物荒漠社区提供服务的有效性。在亚利桑那州图森进行的实证研究表明,虽然提供全方位服务的独立杂货店填补了连锁市场留下的一些空白,但此类商店更有助于改善食品获取的多样性;这反映在连锁店和非连锁店的共址模式上。然而,一些独立商店确实主要在种族/民族多样化的社区提供食物沙漠,在这些社区中,较高比例的居民依赖公共援助计划并且行动不便。我们的案例研究表明,小型、独立的杂货店可能有很大的潜力为无法获得或有限获得健康食品的地区提供帮助,尤其是在提供政策激励的情况下。这样的商店更有利于改善食物获取的多样性;这反映在连锁店和非连锁店的共址模式上。然而,一些独立商店确实主要在种族/民族多样化的社区提供食物沙漠,在这些社区中,较高比例的居民依赖公共援助计划并且行动不便。我们的案例研究表明,小型、独立的杂货店可能有很大的潜力为无法获得或有限获得健康食品的地区提供帮助,尤其是在提供政策激励的情况下。这样的商店更有利于改善食物获取的多样性;这反映在连锁店和非连锁店的共址模式上。然而,一些独立商店确实主要在种族/民族多样化的社区提供食物沙漠,在这些社区中,较高比例的居民依赖公共援助计划并且行动不便。我们的案例研究表明,小型、独立的杂货店可能有很大的潜力为无法获得或有限获得健康食品的地区提供帮助,尤其是在提供政策激励的情况下。主要在种族/民族多样化的社区提供食物沙漠,在这些社区中,较高比例的居民依赖公共援助计划并且行动不便。我们的案例研究表明,小型、独立的杂货店可能有很大的潜力为无法获得或有限获得健康食品的地区提供帮助,尤其是在提供政策激励的情况下。主要在种族/民族多样化的社区提供食物沙漠,在这些社区中,较高比例的居民依赖公共援助计划并且行动不便。我们的案例研究表明,小型、独立的杂货店可能有很大的潜力为无法获得或有限获得健康食品的地区提供帮助,尤其是在提供政策激励的情况下。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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