Anthropogenic noise is globally increasing in aquatic ecosystems and causes adverse repercussions in many fish species, yet its effect on freshwater fish is not well understood. Here, we test the impact of boat noise on foraging and swimming behaviour on a number of wild freshwater fish species as well as captive black bullhead, Ameiurus melas, a common species in the Laurentian Great Lakes with known hearing specializations. In a laboratory setting, black bullhead were exposed to white noise, boat noise and a quiet control and monitored for changes in foraging behaviours and swimming patterns when presented with food. Black bullhead exposed to both boat noise and white noise foraged less and startled more in comparison to trials without noise. In a field setting, wild fishes with differing hearing capabilities were exposed to boat noise and a quiet control, then analysed for changes in both presence and foraging behaviour when presented with food. Field experiments were consistent with results from our laboratory study, resulting in decreased presence of wild fish and fewer foraging attempts made during boat noise exposure. However, the effects of noise in the field were highly variable by family, with fish in the Cyprinidae (or Leuciscidae) family, all of which have Weberian ossicle hearing specializations, exhibiting significantly larger decreases in feeding events and presence compared to other families (Gobiidae, Percidae and Centrarchidae) with more basic hearing abilities. Freshwater fishes alter their foraging behaviour during noise exposure, however, variation in hearing abilities may determine the extent to which their behaviour changes and the resulting degree of negative consequences.

中文翻译：

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噪声对野生和圈养淡水鱼行为影响的比较分析

全球水生生态系统中的人为噪声正在增加，并对许多鱼类产生不利影响，但其对淡水鱼的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们测试了船只噪音对许多野生淡水鱼类以及圈养的黑头鲢（Ameiurus melas）觅食和游泳行为的影响，Ameiurus melas 是劳伦斯大湖中具有已知听力专业的常见物种。在实验室环境中，黑牛头被暴露在白噪音、船噪音和安静的控制下，并在喂食食物时监测觅食行为和游泳模式的变化。与没有噪音的试验相比，暴露于船只噪音和白噪音的黑牛头觅食更少，更受惊吓。在现场设置中，具有不同听力能力的野生鱼类暴露于船只噪音和安静的控制下，然后分析当食物出现时存在和觅食行为的变化。现场实验与我们实验室研究的结果一致，导致野生鱼的存在减少，在船只噪音暴露期间进行的觅食尝试减少。然而，田间噪音的影响因科而异，鲤科（或 Leuciscidae）科的鱼都具有韦伯听小骨听力专业化，与其他科（Gobiidae）相比，进食事件和存在显着减少, Percidae 和 Centrarchidae) 具有更基本的听力能力。然而，淡水鱼在噪音暴露期间会改变它们的觅食行为，