Urinary tract infection is a commonly occurring paediatric infection associated with significant morbidity. Diagnosis is challenging as symptoms are non-specific and definitive diagnosis requires an uncontaminated urine sample to be obtained. Common techniques for sampling in non-toilet-trained children include clean catch, bag, pad, in-out catheterisation and suprapubic aspiration. The pros and cons of each method are examined in detail in this review. They differ significantly in frequency of use, contamination rates and acceptability to parents and clinicians. National guidance of which to use differs significantly internationally. No method is clearly superior. For non-invasive testing, clean catch sampling has a lower likelihood of contamination and can be made more efficient through stimulation of voiding in younger children. In invasive testing, suprapubic aspiration gives a lower likelihood of contamination, a high success rate and a low complication rate, but is considered painful and is not preferred by parents. Urine dipstick testing is validated for ruling in or out UTI provided that leucocyte esterase (LE) and nitrite testing are used in combination.

尿路感染是一种常见的儿科感染，发病率很高。诊断具有挑战性，因为症状是非特异性的，而明确的诊断需要获得未受污染的尿液样本。在未接受过如厕训练的儿童中取样的常用技术包括清洁捕获、袋子、垫子、进出导管插入术和耻骨上抽吸。本次审查详细审查了每种方法的优缺点。它们在使用频率、污染率以及父母和临床医生的接受度方面存在显着差异。使用的国家指南在国际上有很大差异。没有任何方法明显优越。对于非侵入性测试，干净的捕获采样具有较低的污染可能性，并且可以通过刺激年幼儿童的排尿来提高效率。在侵入性测试中，耻骨上抽吸术污染的可能性较低、成功率较高且并发症发生率较低，但被认为是痛苦的，因此父母不喜欢。如果白细胞酯酶 (LE) 和亚硝酸盐测试结合使用，尿液试纸测试可用于排除或排除 UTI。