Tanks are one of the main sources for the irrigation in the country. Out of average net irrigated area of 62 Mha in India during 2001–2015, 3% of area is irrigated through tanks, as against 15% in the 1950s. The deterioration of tanks was a matter of concern for most of the states in South India. Government of Telangana launched five-year long programme called 'Mission Kakatiya' in 2014 to harness the benefits of tank irrigation by increasing command area and water supply available for irrigation. In order to assess volume of water stored in a tank, the information on water level and corresponding water spread area is essential through elevation-area-capacity (EAC) curve. However, such information is not available for most of the irrigation tanks in the country. Generation of terrain information of tank storage area using remote sensing technology is one of the options available today. Stereo images from space borne and aerial platforms are not sufficient enough for generating terrain information for very shallow water bodies like irrigation tanks. In this study, an alternative approach is proposed to use images acquired from unmanned aerial vehicle platform instead of stereo images from other sources/platforms for generating EAC curve. UAV is flown when the tanks are almost dry, for generation of very high resolution digital terrain model. This can be used to establish EAC curve. This EAC curve in combination with the near real-time water spread area obtained from satellite remote sensing can be used to estimate the volume of water available in a tank. In order to assess the feasibility, a drone survey was carried out over Teegalanarayana Cheruvu, a small tank near Godumakunta village of Keesara Mandal in the outskirts of Hyderabad city, Telangana. Images collected were processed to generate digital terrain model and this was used to derive the EAC curve for the tank. Using satellite-based water spread area from LISS-IV sensor along with EAC curve, the volume of water stored was estimated as 60,812 m3, 88,830 m3 and 22,160 m3 as on November 30, 2016, November 1, 2017, and March 25, 2018, respectively. The study proves that this approach is cost-effective, feasible and less time-consuming.

中文翻译：

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无人机平台遥感灌溉水库容量估算

水箱是该国灌溉的主要来源之一。2001-2015 年印度平均净灌溉面积为 62 Mha，其中 3% 的面积是通过水箱灌溉的，而 1950 年代则为 15%。坦克的老化是印度南部大多数邦关注的问题。Telangana 政府于 2014 年启动了一项名为“Mission Kakatiya”的为期五年的计划，通过增加可用于灌溉的控制区和供水来利用水箱灌溉的好处。为了评估水箱中存储的水量，通过高程-面积-容量 (EAC) 曲线获得有关水位和相应水扩散面积的信息是必不可少的。但是，该国大多数灌溉水箱都无法获得此类信息。使用遥感技术生成储罐区地形信息是当今可用的选项之一。来自太空和空中平台的立体图像不足以为灌溉水池等非常浅的水体生成地形信息。在这项研究中，提出了一种替代方法，使用从无人机平台获取的图像而不是来自其他来源/平台的立体图像来生成 EAC 曲线。无人机在坦克几乎干燥时飞行，用于生成非常高分辨率的数字地形模型。这可用于建立 EAC 曲线。该 EAC 曲线与从卫星遥感获得的近实时水扩散面积相结合，可用于估计水箱中可用的水量。为了评估可行性，无人机调查是在特兰加纳海得拉巴市郊的 Keesara Mandal Godumakunta 村附近的一个小坦克 Teegalanarayana Cheruvu 上空进行的。处理收集的图像以生成数字地形模型，并用于导出坦克的 EAC 曲线。使用LISS-IV传感器的卫星水扩散面积以及EAC曲线，估计2016年11月30日、2017年11月1日和2018年3月25日的蓄水量分别为60,812 m3、88,830 m3和22,160 m3 ， 分别。研究证明，这种方法具有成本效益、可行且耗时较少。处理收集的图像以生成数字地形模型，并用于导出坦克的 EAC 曲线。使用LISS-IV传感器的卫星水扩散面积以及EAC曲线，估计2016年11月30日、2017年11月1日和2018年3月25日的蓄水量分别为60,812 m3、88,830 m3和22,160 m3 ， 分别。研究证明，这种方法具有成本效益、可行且耗时较少。处理收集的图像以生成数字地形模型，并用于导出坦克的 EAC 曲线。使用LISS-IV传感器的卫星水扩散面积以及EAC曲线，估计2016年11月30日、2017年11月1日和2018年3月25日的蓄水量分别为60,812 m3、88,830 m3和22,160 m3 ， 分别。研究证明，这种方法具有成本效益、可行且耗时较少。