The use of clay minerals for the decontamination of liquid radioactive waste generated during the work of nuclear energy enterprises remains currently relevant. The effect of the surface hydration of a montmorillonite nanocrystal on the adsorption of cesium and strontium ions from dilute solutions was studied. As opposed to the generally accepted mechanism of the adsorption of cesium and strontium ions on active sites of clay mineral crystals, we considered the adsorption of radiocesium and radiostrontium by montmorillonite taking into account its colloidal chemical properties. When montmorillonite nanocrystals interact with water, a double electric layer with a mobile diffuse ionic atmosphere forms on the surface of the solid phase. The adsorption of cesium and strontium ions from dilute aqueous solutions confines itself to ion-exchange reactions of cesium and strontium ions of a dispersion medium with exchange cations of the diffuse ionic atmosphere of montmorillonite. Enhanced adsorption of cesium ions compared with strontium ions was explained by low charge density on the outer shell of cesium ions and the ability of cesium ions to overcome the diffuse ionic atmosphere easily and to be fixed firmly on the outer surface of the montmorillonite nanocrystal.

目前仍在使用粘土矿物对核能企业工作期间产生的液态放射性废物进行净化。研究了蒙脱土纳米晶体的表面水化对稀溶液吸附铯和锶离子的影响。与普遍接受的铯和锶离子在粘土矿物晶体的活性部位上的吸附机理相反，我们考虑到蒙脱石的胶态化学性质，认为蒙脱石对放射性铯和放射性锶的吸附。当蒙脱土纳米晶体与水相互作用时，在固相表面形成具有可移动的弥散离子气氛的双电层。稀水溶液中铯和锶离子的吸附仅限于分散介质中铯和锶离子与蒙脱石的弥散离子气氛的交换阳离子发生的离子交换反应。铯离子与锶离子相比，对铯离子的吸附增强是因为铯离子外壳上的电荷密度低，以及铯离子能够轻松克服弥散性离子气氛并牢固地固定在蒙脱土纳米晶体的外表面上的能力。