Heterogeneous catalysis plays a key role in promoting green chemistry through many routes. The functionalizable reactive silanols highlight silica as a beguiling support for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts. Metal active sites anchored on functionalized silica (FS) usually demonstrate the better dispersion and stability due to their firm chemical interaction with FSs. Having certain functional groups in structure, FSs can act as the useful catalysts for few organic reactions even without the need of metal active sites which are termed as the covetous reusable organocatalysts. Magnetic FSs have laid the platform where the effortless recovery of catalysts is realized just using an external magnet, resulting in the simplified reaction procedure. Using FSs of multiple functional groups, we can envisage the shortened reaction pathway and, reduced chemical uses and chemical wastes. Unstable bio‐molecules like enzymes have been stabilized when they get chemically anchored on FSs. The resultant solid bio‐catalysts exhibited very good reusability in many catalytic reactions. Getting provoked from the green chemistry aspects and benefits of FS‐based catalysts, we confer the recent literature and progress focusing on the significance of FSs in heterogeneous catalysis. This review covers the preparative methods, types and catalytic applications of FSs. A special emphasis is given to the metal‐free FS catalysts, multiple FS‐based catalysts and magnetic FSs. Through this review, we presume that the contribution of FSs to green chemistry can be well understood. The future perspective of FSs and the improvements still required for implementing FS‐based catalysts in practical applications have been narrated at the end of this review.

中文翻译：

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用于无金属和金属基催化应用的功能化二氧化硅：绿色化学的回顾

非均相催化在通过许多途径促进绿色化学中起着关键作用。可官能化的反应性硅烷醇突出了二氧化硅作为制备多相催化剂的诱人载体。锚定在官能化二氧化硅（FS）上的金属活性位通常由于其与FS的牢固化学相互作用而显示出更好的分散性和稳定性。FS在结构上具有某些官能团，即使不需要金属活性位点（被称为梦vet般的可重复使用的有机催化剂），FSs仍可以用作很少的有机反应的有用催化剂。磁性FS奠定了仅使用外部磁体即可轻松回收催化剂的平台，从而简化了反应程序。使用多个官能团的FS，我们可以设想缩短的反应路径，并且 减少化学用量和化学废物。不稳定的生物分子（如酶）通过化学固定在FS上后已稳定下来。所得的固体生物催化剂在许多催化反应中都具有很好的可重复使用性。从绿色化学方面和基于FS的催化剂的优势中激怒了我们，我们提供了有关FS在非均相催化中的重要性的最新文献和进展。这篇综述涵盖了FS的制备方法，类型和催化应用。特别强调了无金属FS催化剂，多种FS基催化剂和磁性FS。通过这次审查，我们认为可以很好地理解FS对绿色化学的贡献。