Abstract This article investigated and compared the dielectric properties of urine between pregnant women and non-pregnant women. Urine samples were collected from 30 pregnant women and 30 non-pregnant women. Dielectric properties of the urine were measured between 0.2 and 50 GHz at temperatures of 25, 30 and 37 °C. The composition of urine and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were also determined accordingly. The urine of pregnant women was observed to have statistically significant lower dielectric constant than that of non-pregnant women at three temperatures and at certain frequencies (p < .05, mean relative error <0.48%). Loss factor (p < .05, mean relative error < .56%) and loss tangent (p < .05, mean relative error <0.71%) were statistically significant higher in pregnant women than that in non-pregnant women at three temperatures and at certain frequencies. The dielectric properties decreased with temperature before the crossing point while they increased with temperature after the crossing point. In general, the dielectric properties correlated positively with hCG at low frequencies but they correlated negatively with hCG at high frequencies. The correlation coefficients of more than ±0.85 indicated strong correlation, which suggested potential development of a diagnostic tool for pregnancy using the dielectric properties of urine.

中文翻译：

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使用尿液的介电特性检测怀孕

摘要 本文研究比较了孕妇和非孕妇尿液的介电特性。从 30 名孕妇和 30 名非孕妇收集尿液样本。在 25、30 和 37 °C 的温度下，在 0.2 和 50 GHz 之间测量尿液的介电特性。尿液和人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 的成分也相应地确定。在三个温度和某些频率下，观察到孕妇尿液的介电常数显着低于非孕妇的介电常数（p < .05，平均相对误差 < 0.48%）。损耗因子（p < .05，平均相对误差 < .56%）和损耗角正切（p < .05，平均相对误差 < 0。71%) 在三种温度和某些频率下，孕妇的统计学显着高于非孕妇。介电性能在交叉点之前随温度下降而在交叉点之后随温度升高。一般来说，介电特性在低频下与 hCG 呈正相关，但在高频下与 hCG 呈负相关。相关系数超过 ±0.85 表明相关性很强，这表明利用尿液的介电特性进行妊娠诊断工具的潜在开发。介电特性在低频下与 hCG 呈正相关，但在高频下与 hCG 呈负相关。相关系数超过 ±0.85 表明相关性很强，这表明利用尿液的介电特性进行妊娠诊断工具的潜在开发。介电特性在低频下与 hCG 呈正相关，但在高频下与 hCG 呈负相关。相关系数超过 ±0.85 表明相关性很强，这表明利用尿液的介电特性进行妊娠诊断工具的潜在开发。