Over the last 100 years polymer chemistry has flourished in all areas and enabled control over synthetic polymer architectures – including chain lengths, dispersity and monomer sequences. Compared to the architectures of biomacromolecules, these scientific achievements mainly took place on the level of primary structures. The plethora of functions carried out by proteins in nature, however, does not only result from their primary structure, but from its folding into perfectly defined 3D structures. Striving towards a similar architectural control and function in synthetic polymers, the field of single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) emerged. In this review, we analyze the state of the art and identify what is currently standing between polymer chemistry and perfectly controlled synthetic macromolecular architectures. Based on the current challenges in the field of SCNPs, we discuss potential avenues to break today's barriers and explore future applications reaching beyond the current‐state‐of‐the‐art.

中文翻译：

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大分子超结构：单链纳米粒子以外的未来。

在过去的100年中，聚合物化学在各个领域蓬勃发展，并能够控制合成聚合物的结构，包括链长，分散度和单体序列。与生物大分子的结构相比，这些科学成就主要发生在一级结构的水平上。然而，自然界中蛋白质执行的过多功能不仅来自其一级结构，而且还归因于其折叠成完美定义的3D结构。努力在合成聚合物中实现类似的结构控制和功能，出现了单链纳米颗粒（SCNP）领域。在这篇综述中，我们分析了现有技术，并确定了高分子化学与完美控制的合成大分子体系结构之间目前存在的问题。