Abstract

A review of methods for diagnosing the most important parameters of pulsed beams of electrons, ions, and accelerated atoms, such as the current density, fluence, total energy per pulse, the energy density distribution over the cross section, the composition of the beam, and its energy spectrum, is presented. The main attention is paid to the methods of diagnostics of beams intended for technological applications with a particle energy of 0.01–1 MeV and an energy density of 0.1–10 J/cm². This paper contains a description of each diagnostic method, its scope of application, and systematic errors. The thermal imaging diagnostics of the total energy of a particle beam, the energy-density distribution over the cross section, the beam movement in the focal plane in a series of pulses, and the beam divergence during its transport to the target are considered. The time-of-flight diagnostics of ion beams is presented, which allows determining the beam composition, the fluence, and the energy spectrum of each type of ion in a beam of a complex composition (ions with different masses and degrees of ionization). The acoustic (thermoradiation) diagnostics based on the detection of acoustic waves, which are generated by a particle beam in a metal target by a piezoelectric transducer, is described.

中文翻译：

---

电子，离子和原子脉冲束的诊断（综述）

摘要

电子，离子和加速原子的脉冲束最重要参数的诊断方法综述，例如电流密度，注量，每个脉冲的总能量，横截面的能量密度分布，束的组成，以及它的能谱 主要关注用于技术应用的光束的诊断方法，该技术的粒子能量为0.01-1 MeV，能量密度为0.1-10 J / cm ²。本文介绍了每种诊断方法，其应用范围和系统错误。考虑了粒子束的总能量的热成像诊断，横截面的能量密度分布，一系列脉冲在焦平面中的束运动以及在其传输到目标过程中的束发散。给出了离子束的飞行时间诊断，该诊断程序可以确定复杂组成的离子束（具有不同质量和电离度的离子）中每种离子的束组成，通量和能谱。描述了基于声波检测的声（热辐射）诊断，声波是由压电换能器在金属靶中的粒子束产生的。