Abstract Standard electrodes for electrophysiological signal acquisition in clinical applications such as electrocardiography or electromyography require the use of electrolytic gel and skin abrasion for better electrical interface between electrode and skin. Since gel dries out over a period of time, signal deterioration takes place on long duration with wet electrodes. Dry electrodes are promising alternative for long duration recording; nevertheless, they suffer from high contact impedance and motion artifacts. The proposed work introduces a novel multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) based electrode for electrophysiological measurements on human skin. Vertically aligned metallic MWCNTs grown on the gate of MOSFETs form the contact surface of the electrode. MWCNTs penetrate the outer layer of skin for stable and improved electrical contact without the gel. The proposed electrode utilizes advantages of the MOSFET such as direct charge–current conversion, insulation between skin and instrumentation unit, and low noise pre-amplification of electrophysiological signals. Electrical equivalent of MWCNTs, design, and microfabrication of convenient MOSFET are reported. MOSFET parameters are obtained from technology computer-aided design simulation environment and combined with MWCNT parameters in the simulation program for integrated circuits emphasis. Simulated results of the proposed electrode exhibited lower contact impedance and high quality signal capture with respect to wet electrodes. The results show that the proposed electrode can be used for long duration recording of biopotentials with very high stable performance.

中文翻译：

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基于新型多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNT) 改性金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 (MOSFET) 的电极，用于人体皮肤电生理测量

摘要 临床应用（如心电图或肌电图）中用于电生理信号采集的标准电极需要使用电解凝胶和皮肤磨损，以实现电极和皮肤之间更好的电界面。由于凝胶会在一段时间内变干，因此湿电极长时间使用会导致信号恶化。干电极是长时间记录的有前途的替代品；尽管如此，它们仍会受到高接触阻抗和运动伪影的影响。拟议的工作介绍了一种新型多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNT) 修饰的基于金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 (MOSFET) 的电极，用于人体皮肤的电生理测量。生长在 MOSFET 栅极上的垂直排列的金属多壁碳纳米管形成电极的接触面。MWCNT 穿透皮肤外层，在没有凝胶的情况下实现稳定和改善的电接触。所提出的电极利用了 MOSFET 的优势，例如直接电荷-电流转换、皮肤和仪器单元之间的绝缘以及电生理信号的低噪声预放大。报告了 MWCNT 的电等效性、方便的 MOSFET 的设计和微制造。MOSFET参数从技术计算机辅助设计仿真环境中获取，并结合MWCNT参数在集成电路仿真程序中强调。相对于湿电极，所提出的电极的模拟结果显示出较低的接触阻抗和高质量的信号捕获。