As a new type of pollutant, microplastics are an emerging scientific and social concern in the environment and are widely distributed in the aquatic environment and organism. Nowadays, researches on microplastic pollution mainly focus on the marine environment. As a bridge for the migration of microplastics from the terrestrial environment to the marine environment, the freshwater environment has been deserved more attention. Published articles on microplastics in freshwater environments were reviewed in this paper, and four typical behaviors of microplastics were summarized: biological ingestion, biological attachment, adsorption of pollutants and release of plasticizers. In addition, the progress in research and results on the ecological toxicity of microplastics to freshwater organisms was also analyzed. Finally, emphasis on future research on the toxicity of microplastics to freshwater aquatics organisms was made throughout this review as a tool in microplastic risk assessment research.

作为一种新型的污染物，微塑料是环境中新兴的科学和社会关注点，并广泛分布于水生环境和生物中。如今，对微塑性污染的研究主要集中在海洋环境上。作为微塑料从陆地环境向海洋环境迁移的桥梁，淡水环境受到了更多关注。本文综述了淡水环境中微塑料的已发表文章，总结了四种典型的微塑料行为：生物摄入，生物附着，污染物吸附和增塑剂释放。此外，还分析了微塑料对淡水生物的生态毒性的研究进展和结果。最后，