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Forensic assessment of HP14 classification of waste: evaluation of two standards for preparing water extracts from solid waste to be tested in aquatic bioassays
Environmental Forensics ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-22 , DOI: 10.1080/15275922.2019.1630517
Alberto Pivato 1 , Giovanni Beggio 1 , Roberto Raga 1 , Valentina Soldera 2
Affiliation  

Abstract Misclassification of waste hazardousness could lead waste operators to be charged of illegal trafficking. Among different aspects characterizing waste hazardousness, Ecotoxicity is acknowledged as the most frequent Hazard Property classifying wastes as hazardous. In this context, a conventional, scientifically based and agreed-upon procedure for ecotoxicity assessment can help forensic activities to verify the conditions of possibly occurred illegal trafficking of waste. Currently, European Regulation declares a waste ecotoxic according to a calculation method based on its chemical composition. Whether outcomes from calculation method would result in an unrealistic assessment, results from ecotoxicity testing can be used for waste hazardousness classification. However, each Member State is allowed to establish a specific experimental procedure, thus resulting in a fragmented legal framework regulating ecotoxicological testing. This study gives a description of the two main approaches followed by European Member States in regulating ecotoxicity assessment of wastes. This work reports how both investigated approaches address three main methodological issues: which sample preparation standard must be carried out, which test battery should be performed and which concentration limits will trigger hazard classification. Further, a comparison is presented between two different standardized protocols (GHS Annex X and EN 14735) for leaching tests of solid wastes, performed on Automotive Shredder Residues (ASR) samples to obtain water extracts to be further tested in aquatic bioassays. EN 14735 resulted more conventional for routine waste classification efforts, both in terms of achieved sample representativeness and time needed to derive test portions. Then, results from chemical physical analyses on derived water extracts suggested that the lower Liquid-to-Solid ratio required by EN 14735 could have played a key role in determining the resulting higher contaminant concentrations. For this reason, it could also be considered as the most conservative approach for further testing on aquatic organisms. However, this assumption must be further validated by further research on different waste streams, speciation mechanisms of dissolved contaminants, the role of pH adjustment of the test portion and the influence of specific dilution media.

中文翻译:

HP14 废物分类法医评估:评估从固体废物中提取水提取物以进行水生生物测定的两项标准

摘要 废物危险性的错误分类可能导致废物经营者被指控非法贩运。在表征废物危险性的不同方面中,生态毒性被认为是将废物分类为危险的最常见的危险特性。在这种情况下,传统的、基于科学的和商定的生态毒性评估程序可以帮助法医活动核实可能发生的非法废物贩运的情况。目前,欧洲法规根据基于其化学成分的计算方法宣布废物具有生态毒性。无论计算方法的结果是否会导致不切实际的评估,生态毒性测试的结果都可以用于废物危险性分类。然而,允许每个成员国建立特定的实验程序,从而导致管理生态毒理学测试的法律框架支离破碎。本研究描述了欧洲成员国在规范废物生态毒性评估方面采用的两种主要方法。这项工作报告了这两种调查方法如何解决三个主要方法学问题:必须执行哪种样品制备标准,应该执行哪个测试组以及哪个浓度限制将触发危险分类。此外,还比较了两种不同的标准协议(GHS 附件 X 和 EN 14735),用于固体废物浸出测试,在汽车粉碎机残留物 (ASR) 样品上进行,以获得水提取物,以便在水生生物测定中进一步测试。EN 14735 使常规废物分类工作更加传统,无论是在获得的样品代表性还是获得测试部分所需的时间方面。然后,对衍生水提取物的化学物理分析结果表明,EN 14735 要求的较低的液固比可能在确定产生的较高污染物浓度方面发挥了关键作用。出于这个原因,它也可以被认为是对水生生物进行进一步测试的最保守的方法。然而,这一假设必须通过对不同废物流、溶解污染物的形态机制、测试部分 pH 调节的作用以及特定稀释介质的影响的进一步研究来进一步验证。在获得的样品代表性和获得测试部分所需的时间方面。然后,对衍生水提取物的化学物理分析结果表明,EN 14735 要求的较低的液固比可能在确定产生的较高污染物浓度方面发挥了关键作用。出于这个原因,它也可以被认为是对水生生物进行进一步测试的最保守的方法。然而,这一假设必须通过对不同废物流、溶解污染物的形态机制、测试部分 pH 调节的作用以及特定稀释介质的影响的进一步研究来进一步验证。在获得的样品代表性和获得测试部分所需的时间方面。然后,对衍生水提取物的化学物理分析结果表明,EN 14735 要求的较低的液固比可能在确定产生的较高污染物浓度方面发挥了关键作用。出于这个原因,它也可以被认为是对水生生物进行进一步测试的最保守的方法。然而,这一假设必须通过对不同废物流、溶解污染物的形态机制、测试部分 pH 调节的作用以及特定稀释介质的影响的进一步研究来进一步验证。对衍生水提取物进行化学物理分析的结果表明,EN 14735 要求的较低的液固比可能在确定由此产生的较高污染物浓度方面发挥了关键作用。出于这个原因,它也可以被认为是对水生生物进行进一步测试的最保守的方法。然而,这一假设必须通过对不同废物流、溶解污染物的形态机制、测试部分 pH 调节的作用以及特定稀释介质的影响的进一步研究来进一步验证。对衍生水提取物进行化学物理分析的结果表明,EN 14735 要求的较低的液固比可能在确定由此产生的较高污染物浓度方面发挥了关键作用。出于这个原因,它也可以被认为是对水生生物进行进一步测试的最保守的方法。然而,这一假设必须通过对不同废物流、溶解污染物的形态机制、测试部分 pH 调节的作用以及特定稀释介质的影响的进一步研究来进一步验证。
更新日期:2019-06-22
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