Abstract The EU Directive 2004/35/EC on environmental liability (ELD) introduced the obligation to attribute the prevention and remediation costs for environmental damage to the liable operator. In accordance with Italian Decree no. 152/2006 (Italian Environmental Code – IEC) Part IV, sourcing and identifying the operator responsible for the contamination of soil and groundwater is a compulsory step towards: imposing preventive measures, determining the characterization and the remediation of a contaminated site. As far as historical contamination is concerned, the identification must be based on sound, in depth temporal reconstruction of all the activities that developed in the site and which are associated with any contamination revealed; this also applies to identifying those contaminants, with qualitative supporting evidence deemed fit for use as tracers in order to define the causal link between the productive activity (positive actions or omissions) and the contamination detected. This study presents the approach followed in the historical reconstruction of a site where hazardous wastes had been illegally buried. Preliminary environmental investigation was called for to define the source(s) of contamination, the level of contamination and its extent. The analytical techniques applied are presented within the case study according to the specific contaminants identified (organo-chlorinated solvents), and characterized by high toxicity, persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation capacity. The investigation conducted and the subsequent assessments aimed at proposing a methodological framework to identify the operator responsible for remediation activities and at applying the Environmental Crime Directive 2008/99/EC, transposed into the Italian legislative framework with Law no. 68/2015.

中文翻译：

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确定负责修复污染场地的运营商

摘要 欧盟关于环境责任 (ELD) 的指令 2004/35/EC 引入了将环境损害的预防和补救成本归于责任运营商的义务。根据意大利法令编号。152/2006（意大利环境法规 - IEC）第 IV 部分，寻找和确定对土壤和地下水污染负责的运营商是朝着以下方向采取的强制性步骤：实施预防措施、确定污染场地的特征和修复。就历史污染而言，识别必须基于对场地内发生的所有活动的、与任何暴露的污染有关的、深入的时间重建；这也适用于识别这些污染物，具有被认为适合用作示踪剂的定性支持证据，以确定生产活动（积极行动或遗漏）与检测到的污染之间的因果关系。本研究介绍了对非法掩埋危险废物的地点进行历史重建所遵循的方法。要求进行初步环境调查，以确定污染源、污染水平及其范围。案例研究中根据确定的特定污染物（有机氯化溶剂）介绍了所应用的分析技术，其特点是毒性高、在环境中具有持久性和生物蓄积能力。进行的调查和随后的评估旨在提出一个方法框架，以确定负责补救活动的运营商，并应用 2008/99/EC 环境犯罪指令，该指令已根据第 2008/99/EC 号法律转化为意大利立法框架。68/2015。