This study examines the dynamic linkages between alternative and nuclear energy consumption, tourism receipts, bank-specific factors, and environment and resource factors in a heterogeneous panel of countries for the period 1995–2016. The study also addresses the United Nations sustainable development agenda under a resource conservation framework across countries. A two-step differenced Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator is employed for robust inferences. The results show that bank-specific factors substantially reduce resource depletion, whereas international tourism increases energy resource depletion and carbon emissions across countries. Nuclear energy consumption reduces resource depletion, whereas industrial value added increases resource depletion and carbon emissions; thus, it is imperative to devise strong policies for sustainable production across countries. The results of panel causality tests confirm different causality patterns among the studied variables. The study concludes that an environmental and resource conservation process needs sustainable policy instruments, including cleaner production techniques, renewable energy sources, and sustainable production and consumption to achieve green growth.

这项研究考察了1995-2016年间不同国家/地区的替代能源与核能消耗，旅游收益，银行特定因素以及环境和资源因素之间的动态联系。该研究报告还涉及各国资源节约框架下的联合国可持续发展议程。采用两步差分广义矩（GMM）估计器进行鲁棒推理。结果表明，特定于银行的因素大大减少了资源消耗，而国际旅游业增加了各国的能源消耗和碳排放。核能消耗减少了资源消耗，而工业增加值增加了资源消耗和碳排放。从而，必须制定强有力的政策来促进各国的可持续生产。面板因果关系检验的结果证实了所研究变量之间的不同因果关系模式。研究得出结论，环境和资源保护过程需要可持续的政策手段，包括清洁生产技术，可再生能源以及实现绿色增长的可持续生产和消费。