Sour crudes containing > 0.5 % sulfur are of low quality and cause harm to equipment, the environment, and to humans. Therefore, sustainable measures for crude oil sweetening are of significant importance. Removal of H₂S directly at the wellhead before the transport increases the value of crude oil and may be necessary to adhere to legal transport laws. Chemical agents known as scavengers are used to scrub H₂S from crude oils. Scavengers are either of the regenerative or non‐regenerative type and are used depending on the pH or water content of the crude stream. The literature has been surveyed to reveal those absorbents that allow the most effective scavenging of H₂S at wellhead applications. The chemical processing, including recovery of scavenger or end use of products, is discussed for decision‐making at the confluence of chemistry and chemical engineering for H₂S removal. This work investigates how and why some scavengers perform better for some crudes and environmental conditions than others with the intent to develop designer scavengers and processing conditions for the crude oil industry.

中文翻译：

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油气流中硫化氢清除剂技术的全面综述

含硫量大于0.5％的酸性原油质量低下，会对设备，环境和人类造成伤害。因此，对原油脱硫的可持续措施非常重要。在运输之前直接在井口处去除H ₂ S会增加原油的价值，因此可能需要遵守合法的运输法。称作清除剂化学剂用于擦洗ħ ₂从原油S上。清除剂可以是再生型也可以是非再生型，根据原油的pH或水含量使用。已对文献进行调查，以发现那些可以最有效地清除H _2的吸收剂S在井口应用中。讨论了化学过程，包括清除剂的回收或最终产品的使用，以期在化学和化学工程相结合的H ₂ S去除决策中进行讨论。这项工作调查了某些清除剂在某些原油和环境条件下的性能以及为什么比其他清除剂性能更好，目的是为原油行业开发设计清除剂和加工条件。