Depletion of oil reserves, increasing prices of petroleum products, and environmental concerns related to air pollution are the main driving forces for utilizing renewable energy resources to replace fossil fuels. Vegetable oils can be used to produce biodiesel. Biodiesel is obtained by transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohol using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. In the industry, biodiesel is produced by heterogeneous catalysts due to high activity and selectivity, better reusability, reduction in processing steps, and wastes. The catalytic activity of catalysts depends on the strength and type of intrinsic basic or/and acid properties. Biodiesel production using heterogenous catalysts depends on the various reaction parameters such as reaction time, temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, catalyst amount, and stirring speed. In this paper, the catalytic transesterification of various feedstocks such as edible oil, non‐edible oil, and waste using heterogeneous catalysts has been reviewed and optimization parameters for maximum biodiesel production have been summarized.

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非均相催化生产生物柴油的研究进展

石油储量的枯竭，石油产品的价格上涨以及与空气污染有关的环境问题是利用可再生能源替代化石燃料的主要动力。植物油可用于生产生物柴油。生物柴油是通过使用均相或非均相催化剂将植物油与酒精进行酯交换而获得的。在工业中，由于具有高的活性和选择性，更好的可重复使用性，减少了加工步骤以及浪费，由非均相催化剂生产生物柴油。催化剂的催化活性取决于固有的碱性或/和酸性质的强度和类型。使用非均相催化剂生产生物柴油取决于各种反应参数，例如反应时间，温度，醇与油的摩尔比，催化剂量和搅拌速度。