Gas separation in dense ceramic membranes is driven by the partial pressure gradient across the membrane. The mixed conducting materials most commonly used are single‐phase perovskites or fluorites. In recent years, the development of dual‐phase systems combining a mixed ion‐conducting and electron‐conducting phase has increased. The advantage is that a larger number of very stable materials systems is available. The membrane designs currently used include planar, tubular, hollow‐fiber, and honeycomb membranes. Each of these designs has specific advantages and disadvantages, depending on the application. Innovative joining concepts are also often needed due to the high temperatures involved. These usually involve the use of glass‐ceramic sealants or reactive metal brazes. Applications focus either on the separation of gases alone, i.e., the supply of oxygen or hydrogen, or on membrane reactors. In membrane reactors, a chemical reaction occurs on one or both sides of the membrane in addition to gas separation. The supply of gases is of potential interest for power plants, for the cement, steel, and glass industries, for the medical sector, and for mobile applications. Membrane reactors can be used to produce base chemicals or synthetic fuels.

中文翻译：

---

陶瓷膜：材料–组件–潜在应用

致密陶瓷膜中的气体分离是由跨膜的分压梯度驱动的。最常用的混合导电材料是单相钙钛矿或萤石。近年来，结合了离子导电相和电子导电相的双相系统的开发不断增加。优点是可以使用大量非常稳定的材料系统。当前使用的膜设计包括平面，管状，中空纤维和蜂窝膜。根据应用的不同，这些设计中的每一种都有特定的优点和缺点。由于所涉及的高温，经常也需要创新的连接概念。这些通常涉及使用玻璃陶瓷密封剂或活性金属钎料。应用专注于单独的气体分离，即 氧气或氢气的供应，或在膜反应器上。在膜反应器中，除了气体分离之外，在膜的一侧或两侧还发生化学反应。气体的供应对于发电厂，水泥，钢铁和玻璃工业，医疗部门以及移动应用具有潜在的意义。膜反应器可用于生产基础化学品或合成燃料。