Aging and average life expectancy have been increasing at a rapid rate, while there is an exponential risk to suffer from brain-related frailties and neurodegenerative diseases as the population ages. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide with a projected expectation to blossom into the major challenge in elders and the cases are forecasted to increase about 3-fold in the next 40 years. Considering the etiological factors of AD are too complex to be completely understood, there is almost no effective cure to date, suggesting deeper pathomechanism insights are urgently needed. Metabolites are able to reflect the dynamic processes that are in progress or have happened, and metabolomic may therefore provide a more cost-effective and productive route to disease intervention, especially in the arena for pathomechanism exploration and new biomarker identification. In this review, we primarily focused on how redox signaling was involved in AD-related pathologies and the association between redox signaling and altered metabolic pathways. Moreover, we also expatiated the main redox signaling-associated mechanisms and their cross-talk that may be amenable to mechanism-based therapies. Five natural products with promising efficacy on AD inhibition and the benefit of AD intervention on its complications were highlighted as well.

中文翻译：

---

氧化还原信号与阿尔茨海默病：从病理机制洞察到生物标志物发现和治疗策略。

老龄化和平均预期寿命一直在快速增长，而随着人口老龄化，患有与大脑相关的虚弱和神经退行性疾病的风险呈指数级增长。阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是全球最常见的神经退行性疾病，预计将成为老年人的主要挑战，预计未来 40 年病例将增加约 3 倍。考虑到 AD 的病因过于复杂而无法完全理解，迄今为止几乎没有有效的治愈方法，这表明迫切需要更深入的病理机制认识。代谢物能够反映正在进行或已经发生的动态过程，因此代谢组学可能为疾病干预提供更具成本效益和生产力的途径，特别是在病理机制探索和新生物标志物鉴定领域。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注氧化还原信号如何参与 AD 相关的病理以及氧化还原信号与改变的代谢途径之间的关联。此外，我们还阐述了主要的氧化还原信号相关机制及其可能适用于基于机制的疗法的串扰。还强调了五种对 AD 抑制具有良好疗效的天然产品以及 AD 干预对其并发症的益处。我们还阐述了主要的氧化还原信号相关机制及其可能适用于基于机制的疗法的串扰。还强调了五种对 AD 抑制具有良好疗效的天然产品以及 AD 干预对其并发症的益处。我们还阐述了主要的氧化还原信号相关机制及其可能适用于基于机制的疗法的串扰。还强调了五种对 AD 抑制具有良好疗效的天然产品以及 AD 干预对其并发症的益处。