Members of the plant-specific SPL gene family (squamosa promoter-binding protein -like) contain the SBP conserved domain and are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, including the development of plant flowers and plant epidermal hair, the plant stress response, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. This family has been identified in various plants. However, there is no systematic analysis of the SPL gene family at the genome-wide level of wheat. In this study, 56 putative TaSPL genes were identified using the comparative genomics method; we renamed them TaSPL001 - TaSPL056 on their chromosomal distribution. According to the un-rooted neighbor joining phylogenetic tree, gene structure and motif analyses, the 56 TaSPL genes were divided into 8 subgroups. A total of 81 TaSPL gene pairs were designated as arising from duplication events and 64 interacting protein branches were identified as involve in the protein interaction network. The expression patterns of 21 randomly selected TaSPL genes in different tissues (roots, stems, leaves and inflorescence) and under 4 treatments (abscisic acid, gibberellin, drought and salt) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The wheat genome contains 56 TaSPL genes and those in same subfamily share similar gene structure and motifs. TaSPL gene expansion occurred through segmental duplication events. Combining the results of transcriptional and qRT-PCR analyses, most of these TaSPL genes were found to regulate inflorescence and spike development. Additionally, we found that 13 TaSPLs were upregulated by abscisic acid, indicating that TaSPL genes play a positive role in the abscisic acid-mediated pathway of the seedling stage. This study provides comprehensive information on the SPL gene family of wheat and lays a solid foundation for elucidating the biological functions of TaSPLs and improvement of wheat yield.

中文翻译：

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小麦中SPL基因家族的全基因组鉴定，系统发育和表达分析。

植物特异性SPL基因家族的成员（鳞状启动子结合蛋白样）包含SBP保守域，并参与植物生长和发育的调节，包括植物花和植物表皮毛发的发育，植物胁迫反应，以及次生代谢产物的合成。该家族已经在各种植物中被鉴定。但是，没有对小麦全基因组水平的SPL基因家族进行系统分析。在这项研究中，使用比较基因组学方法鉴定了56个推定的TaSPL基因。我们在染色体分布上将其重命名为TaSPL001-TaSPL056。根据无根邻居加入的系统树，对其基因结构和基序进行分析，将56个TaSPL基因分为8个亚组。总共81个TaSPL基因对被指定为由重复事件引起，并且64个相互作用的蛋白质分支被鉴定为参与蛋白质相互作用网络。通过定量实时聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测21种随机选择的TaSPL基因在不同组织（根，茎，叶和花序）中以及在4种处理（脱落酸，赤霉素，干旱和盐）下的表达模式。 。小麦基因组包含56个TaSPL基因，相同亚科的那些具有相似的基因结构和基序。TaSPL基因扩增发生通过节段复制事件。结合转录和qRT-PCR分析的结果，发现大多数这些TaSPL基因可调节花序和穗的发育。此外，我们发现13种TaSPL被脱落酸上调，这表明TaSPL基因在脱落酸介导的苗期途径中发挥积极作用。该研究为小麦SPL基因家族提供了全面的信息，为阐明TaSPLs的生物学功能和提高小麦产量奠定了坚实的基础。