The environmental impact of pig farming need to be reduced, with phosphorus (P) being of particular interest. Specified dietary regimens and management systems contribute to meet environmental concerns and reduce economic constrains. However, pregnant and lactating sows represent vulnerable individuals, whose reproductive potential and metabolic health status relies on adequate supply of macro- and micronutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate, whether sows fed with a dietary P content that is below or above current recommendations are capable to maintain mineral homeostasis during the reproduction cycle and which endogenous mechanisms are retrieved therefore in kidney and jejunum. Nulliparous gilts were fed iso-energetic diets with recommended (M), reduced (L), or high (H) amounts of mineral P supplements throughout gestation and lactation periods. Blood metabolites and hormones referring to the P homeostasis were retrieved prior to term (110 days of gestation) and at weaning (28 days of lactation). Transcriptional responses in kidney cortex and jejunal mucosa were analyzed using RNA sequencing. The variable dietary P content neither led to an aberration on fertility traits such as total weaned piglets nor to an effect on the weight pattern throughout gestation and lactation. Serum parameters revealed a maintained P homeostasis as reflected by unaltered inorganic P and calcium levels in L and H fed groups. The serum calcitriol levels were increased in lactating L sows. The endocrine responses to the dietary challenge were reflected at the transcriptional level. L diets led to an increase in CYP27B1 expression in the kidney compared to the H group and to an altered gene expression associated with lipid metabolism in the kidney and immune response in the jejunum. Our results suggest that current P requirements for gestating and lactating sows are sufficient and over supplementation of mineral P is not required. Shifts in renal and jejunal expression patterns between L and H groups indicate an affected intermediate metabolism, which long-term relevance needs to be further clarified.

中文翻译：

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肾脏和肠道的转录适应可以缓解母猪整个妊娠期和哺乳期磷摄入量的减少。


需要减少养猪业对环境的影响，其中磷（P）尤其值得关注。特定的饮食方案和管理系统有助于解决环境问题并减少经济限制。然而，怀孕和哺乳期母猪是弱势个体，其繁殖潜力和代谢健康状况依赖于大量营养素和微量营养素的充足供应。本研究的目的是调查饲喂日粮磷含量低于或高于当前推荐值的母猪是否能够在繁殖周期中维持矿物质稳态，以及肾脏和空肠中的哪些内源机制得以恢复。未产后备母猪在整个妊娠期和哺乳期均饲喂等能量日粮，其中含有推荐量 (M)、减少量 (L) 或高量 (H) 矿物质 P 补充剂。在足月前（妊娠 110 天）和断奶时（哺乳期 28 天）检索血液代谢物和涉及 P 稳态的激素。使用 RNA 测序分析肾皮质和空肠粘膜的转录反应。日粮磷含量的变化既不会导致生育性状的异常，例如断奶仔猪总数，也不会影响整个妊娠期和哺乳期的体重模式。血清参数显示，L 和 H 喂养组中无机 P 和钙水平未改变，反映了维持的 P 稳态。哺乳期母猪的血清骨化三醇水平升高。内分泌对饮食挑战的反应反映在转录水平上。 与 H 组相比，L 饮食导致肾脏中 CYP27B1 表达增加，并导致与肾脏脂质代谢和空肠免疫反应相关的基因表达发生改变。我们的结果表明，目前妊娠和哺乳母猪的磷需求量是足够的，不需要过度补充矿物质磷。 L 组和 H 组之间肾脏和空肠表达模式的变化表明中间代谢受到影响，其长期相关性需要进一步阐明。