It is well recognized that data are invaluable. How can we assess the value of data objectively, systematically and quantitatively? Pricing data, or information goods in general, has been studied and practiced in dispersed areas and principles, such as economics, marketing, electronic commerce, data management, data mining and machine learning. In this article, we present a unified, interdisciplinary and comprehensive overview of this important direction. We examine various motivations behind data pricing, understand the economics of data pricing and review the development and evolution of pricing models according to a series of fundamental principles. We cover both digital products and data products. Last, we discuss a series of challenges and directions for future work.

中文翻译：

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数据定价调查：从经济学到数据科学

众所周知，数据是无价的。如何客观、系统、定量地评估数据的价值？定价数据或一般的信息商品已在分散的领域和原则中得到研究和实践，例如经济学、市场营销、电子商务、数据管理、数据挖掘和机器学习。在本文中，我们对这一重要方向进行了统一、跨学科和全面的概述。我们研究了数据定价背后的各种动机，了解数据定价的经济学，并根据一系列基本原则回顾了定价模型的发展和演变。我们涵盖数字产品和数据产品。最后，我们讨论了一系列挑战和未来工作的方向。