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The Cost of Denied Observation in Multiagent Submodular Optimization
arXiv - CS - Computer Science and Game Theory Pub Date : 2020-09-10 , DOI: arxiv-2009.05018
David Grimsman, Joshua H. Seaton, Jason R. Marden, Philip N. Brown

A popular formalism for multiagent control applies tools from game theory, casting a multiagent decision problem as a cooperation-style game in which individual agents make local choices to optimize their own local utility functions in response to the observable choices made by other agents. When the system-level objective is submodular maximization, it is known that if every agent can observe the action choice of all other agents, then all Nash equilibria of a large class of resulting games are within a factor of $2$ of optimal; that is, the price of anarchy is $1/2$. However, little is known if agents cannot observe the action choices of other relevant agents. To study this, we extend the standard game-theoretic model to one in which a subset of agents either become \emph{blind} (unable to observe others' choices) or \emph{isolated} (blind, and also invisible to other agents), and we prove exact expressions for the price of anarchy as a function of the number of compromised agents. When $k$ agents are compromised (in any combination of blind or isolated), we show that the price of anarchy for a large class of utility functions is exactly $1/(2+k)$. We then show that if agents use marginal-cost utility functions and at least $1$ of the compromised agents is blind (rather than isolated), the price of anarchy improves to $1/(1+k)$. We also provide simulation results demonstrating the effects of these observation denials in a dynamic setting.

中文翻译:

多智能体子模块优化中拒绝观察的代价

多智能体控制的一种流行形式是应用博弈论中的工具,将多智能体决策问题转化为合作式游戏,在这种博弈中,个体智能体做出局部选择以优化自己的局部效用函数,以响应其他智能体做出的可观察选择。当系统级目标是子模最大化时,已知如果每个智能体都可以观察到所有其他智能体的动作选择,那么一大类结果博弈的所有纳什均衡都在最优值的$2$以内;也就是说,无政府状态的代价是 1/2 美元。但是,如果代理无法观察其他相关代理的动作选择,则知之甚少。为了研究这一点,我们将标准博弈论模型扩展到一个代理子集要么变成 \emph{blind}(无法观察其他人的选择)或 \emph{isolated}(盲目,并且对其他代理不可见),我们证明了作为受感染代理数量函数的无政府状态价格的精确表达式。当 $k$ 代理受到损害时(以任何盲目或孤立的组合),我们证明了一大类效用函数的无政府状态的代价正好是 $1/(2+k)$。然后我们证明,如果代理使用边际成本效用函数并且至少 1 美元的受感染代理是盲目的(而不是孤立的),则无政府状态的价格会提高到 1 美元/(1+k) 美元。我们还提供了模拟结果,证明了这些拒绝观察在动态环境中的影响。我们表明,对于一大类效用函数来说,无政府状态的代价正好是 $1/(2+k)$。然后我们证明,如果代理使用边际成本效用函数并且至少 1 美元的受感染代理是盲目的(而不是孤立的),则无政府状态的价格会提高到 1 美元/(1+k) 美元。我们还提供了模拟结果,证明了这些拒绝观察在动态环境中的影响。我们表明,对于一大类效用函数来说,无政府状态的代价正好是 $1/(2+k)$。然后我们证明,如果代理使用边际成本效用函数并且至少 1 美元的受感染代理是盲目的(而不是孤立的),则无政府状态的价格会提高到 1 美元/(1+k) 美元。我们还提供了模拟结果,证明了这些拒绝观察在动态环境中的影响。
更新日期:2020-09-28
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