Flash Joule heating (FJH) can convert almost any carbon-based precursor into bulk quantities of graphene. This work explores the morphologies and properties of flash graphene (FG) generated from carbon black. It is shown that FG is partially comprised of sheets of turbostratic FG (tFG) that have a rotational mismatch between neighboring layers. The remainder of the FG is wrinkled graphene sheets that resemble nongraphitizing carbon. To generate high quality tFG sheets, a FJH duration of 30–100 ms is employed. Beyond 100 ms, the turbostratic sheets have time to AB-stack and form bulk graphite. Atomistic simulations reveal that generic thermal annealing yields predominantly wrinkled graphene which displays minimal to no alignment of graphitic planes, as opposed to the high-quality tFG that might be formed under the direct influence of current conducted through the material. The tFG was easily exfoliated via shear, hence the FJH process has the potential for bulk production of tFG without the need for pre-exfoliation using chemicals or high energy mechanical shear.

中文翻译：

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Flash石墨烯形态。

快速焦耳加热（FJH）可以将几乎所有基于碳的前体转化为大量的石墨烯。这项工作探讨了由炭黑产生的闪蒸石墨烯（FG）的形态和性能。示出了FG部分地由涡轮层FG（tFG）的片组成，其在相邻层之间具有旋转失配。FG的其余部分是起皱的石墨烯片，类似于非石墨化碳。为了生成高质量的tFG纸，使用了30–100 ms的FJH持续时间。超过100毫秒，涡轮层板有时间进行AB堆叠并形成块状石墨。原子模拟显示，一般的热退火过程主要产生皱纹的石墨烯，石墨烯的排列很少甚至没有，与通过材料传导的电流的直接影响下可能形成的高质量tFG相反。tFG易于通过剪切剥离，因此FJH工艺具有批量生产tFG的潜力，而无需使用化学药品或高能机械剪切进行预剥离。