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Agricultural land in the Amazon basin supports low bird diversity and is a poor replacement for primary forest
The Condor: Ornithological Applications ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 , DOI: 10.1093/condor/duaa020
Montague H C Neate-Clegg 1 , Çağan H Şekercioğlu 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

The Amazon has a long history of disturbance under subsistence agriculture, but slash-and-burn agriculture is small in scale and has relatively low impact on resident avifauna. More recently, the Amazon has suffered extensive deforestation in favor of cattle ranching and other modern systems of agriculture. Cattle pastures, mechanized agriculture, and even tree plantations have detrimental effects on bird communities, greatly lowering diversity, especially that of primary forest interior specialists. A rising threat to the Amazon is the spread of oil palm plantations that retain few bird species and are not viable alternatives to forest. Embedded within the expanding agropastoral mosaic are forest fragments that have experienced a well-documented loss of diversity. Yet, the matrix can mitigate the recovery of fragmented bird communities depending on the type of secondary regrowth. Connectivity via matrix habitats or forest corridors is critical for the maintenance of forest avifauna. With so many types of land use developing across the Amazon, the “tropical countryside” has potential value for bird diversity. However, evidence suggests that the agropastoral mosaic harbors a small, more homogenized avifauna with few forest species, especially when primary forest is absent from the landscape. For the Amazon Basin’s bird life to be conserved into the future, preservation of large tracts of well-connected primary forest is vital. Tropical countryside dominated by agriculture simply cannot sustain sufficient levels of biodiversity.

中文翻译:

亚马孙河流域的农业用地支持鸟类多样性低下,无法替代原始森林

亚马逊河在自给农业下遭受骚扰的历史由来已久,但刀耕火种的农业规模小,对居民的家畜的影响相对较小。最近,亚马逊遭受了广泛的森林砍伐,以养牛和其他现代农业系统为生。牛牧场,机械化农业,甚至植树造林对鸟类群落都有不利影响,大大降低了多样性,尤其是原始森林内饰专家的多样性。对亚马逊河地区的一个日益严重的威胁是油棕种植园的蔓延,这种油棕种植园只保留了很少的鸟类,并且不是森林的可行替代品。森林碎片镶嵌在不断扩大的农牧马赛克中,这些碎片经历了有据可查的多样性丧失。然而,根据次生的类型,矩阵可以减轻零散的鸟类群落的恢复。通过矩阵栖息地或森林走廊的连通性对于维护森林动物群至关重要。随着亚马逊地区土地类型的发展,“热带乡村”对鸟类多样性具有潜在价值。但是,有证据表明,农牧马赛克中有一个较小的,同质化的鸟类,几乎没有森林物种,尤其是当景观中没有原始森林时。为了在未来保护亚马逊河流域的鸟类生命,保护大片连接良好的原始森林至关重要。以农业为主的热带乡村根本无法维持足够水平的生物多样性。通过矩阵栖息地或森林走廊的连通性对于维护森林动物群至关重要。随着亚马逊地区土地类型的发展,“热带乡村”对鸟类多样性具有潜在价值。但是,有证据表明,农牧马赛克中有一个较小的,同质化的鸟类,几乎没有森林物种,尤其是当景观中没有原始森林时。为了在未来保护亚马逊河流域的鸟类生命,保护大片连接良好的原始森林至关重要。以农业为主的热带乡村根本无法维持足够水平的生物多样性。通过矩阵栖息地或森林走廊的连通性对于维护森林动物群至关重要。随着亚马逊地区土地类型的发展,“热带乡村”对鸟类多样性具有潜在价值。但是,有证据表明,农牧马赛克中有一个较小的,同质化的鸟类,几乎没有森林物种,尤其是当景观中没有原始森林时。为了在未来保护亚马逊河流域的鸟类生命,保护大片连接良好的原始森林至关重要。以农业为主的热带乡村根本无法维持足够水平的生物多样性。证据表明,农牧马赛克具有一个较小的,同质化的鸟类,几乎没有森林物种,尤其是当景观中没有原始森林时。为了在未来保护亚马逊河流域的鸟类生命,保护大片连接良好的原始森林至关重要。以农业为主的热带乡村根本无法维持足够水平的生物多样性。证据表明,农牧马赛克具有一个较小的,同质化的鸟类,几乎没有森林物种,尤其是当景观中没有原始森林时。为了在未来保护亚马逊河流域的鸟类生命,保护大片连接良好的原始森林至关重要。以农业为主的热带乡村根本无法维持足够水平的生物多样性。
更新日期:2020-04-06
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