Multiple invasive cavity-nesting bird species can be present in a nest web, the network linking birds using cavities. We investigated the nest preferences and breeding phenologies of the cavity-nesting guild in the region surrounding Miami, Florida, USA, where invasive starlings, mynas, and parrots potentially usurp cavities from native woodpeckers and secondary cavity-nesters. We asked if the timing of reproduction determines which invasive species will usurp cavities from native birds with similar nest preferences. Nest usurpations between European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and the woodpecker species present in Miami is well documented, but we predicted that a recently arrived sturnid species and introduced psittacids would also usurp nests. European Starlings had the largest breeding population of any species in our nest web, breeding during the peak of nesting season, and usurped the largest number of active nest cavities. We found that a small population of Common Mynas (Acridotheres tristis) usurped nests, sharing the peak-season nesting period with starlings and native woodpeckers. Parrots bred later than we expected, avoiding nest-site overlap with similarly large native birds that use cavities with similar characteristics. Parrots did not usurp any active nest cavities from native birds. Our results demonstrate how to use analysis of cavity characteristics and reproductive timing to evaluate threats to a cavity nest web posed by multiple invasive species. Common Myna currently usurp few nests; if they increase greatly in population, they could pose a problem for native cavity-nesters.

中文翻译：

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生殖物候学的重叠增加了热带城市中入侵物种侵占空腔巢的可能性

巢网中可以存在多种侵入性洞巢鸟类，该网络使用洞将鸟类联系在一起。我们调查了美国佛罗里达州迈阿密周边地区的巢穴行会的巢偏好和繁殖物候，那里侵入性的八哥，八哥和鹦鹉可能会从本地啄木鸟和次要巢穴中夺取蛀牙。我们询问繁殖的时机是否确定哪些入侵物种会从具有相似巢偏好的本地鸟类那里抢夺蛀牙。欧洲Star鸟（寻常八哥）之间的筑巢活动）和迈阿密存在的啄木鸟物种有据可查，但我们预测，最近到来的一种turn类物种和引入的psittacids也将篡夺巢穴。在我们的巢网中，欧洲Star鸟的繁殖种群数量最多，在筑巢高峰期繁殖，并且吞噬了活动巢腔的最大数量。我们发现一小撮普通八哥（Acridotheres tristis）篡夺了巢穴，与star鸟和本地啄木鸟共享了旺季的筑巢期。鹦鹉的繁殖时间比我们预期的要晚，可以避免巢穴与使用具有相似特征的空腔的类似大型本地鸟类的巢点重叠。鹦鹉没有从本地鸟类身上夺走任何活跃的巢穴。我们的结果证明了如何利用腔特征和生殖时间的分析来评估多种入侵物种对腔巢网的威胁。普通八哥目前篡夺了几个巢；如果它们的种群数量大大增加，它们可能会给原生的腔cavity带来问题。