Last two decades have witnessed several global infectious outbreaks. Among these, coronavirus is identified as a prime culprit ranging from its involvement in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) to COVID-19. These infections involved in huge healthcare and economic cost incurred globally. Every time, coronavirus improved its infection ability and surprised the medical practitioners and researchers. Currently, COVID-19 is also causing numerous infections and stalled global activities. Global efforts are underway to identify potential viral targets for management of these outbreaks, but significant progress in prevention of these outbreaks is not yet achieved. We explored host–pathogen protein–protein interactions of MERS, SARS and COVID-19, and identified host targets common among all recent coronavirus outbreaks. Further, we tried to understand their potential for management of coronavirus. The common proteins involved in coronavirus host–pathogen interactions indicate their indispensable role in the pathogenesis and therefore targeting these proteins can give strategies to prevent current and future coronavirus outbreaks. Viral variability necessitates development of new therapeutic modalities for every outbreak, in contrast targeting necessary human proteins required by all coronaviruses can provide us a clue to prevent current and future coronavirus outbreaks. We found that targeting FURIN and TMPRSS2 can provide good results due to their common involvement in current and previous outbreaks. We also listed some known molecules against these two targets for their potential drug repurposing evaluation. Although, several recent studies undergoing with targeting these proteins for management of coronavirus, but safety evaluation and risk assessment must be given prime importance while targeting human proteins.

中文翻译：

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近期冠状病毒暴发和主要宿主靶标鉴定的宿主-病原体蛋白-蛋白相互作用的比较分析

在过去的二十年中，全球爆发了几次传染病。在这些病毒中，冠状病毒被确定为主要罪魁祸首，其涉及严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS），中东呼吸综合征（MERS）到COVID-19。这些感染涉及全球范围内巨大的医疗保健和经济成本。每次冠状病毒都会提高其感染能力，并使医学从业人员和研究人员感到惊讶。目前，COVID-19还引起大量感染，并使全球活动停滞不前。全球正在努力确定应对这些暴发的潜在病毒目标，但在预防这些暴发方面尚未取得重大进展。我们探索了MERS，SARS和COVID-19的宿主-病原体蛋白相互作用，并确定所有近期冠状病毒爆发中常见的宿主目标。此外，我们试图了解它们在治疗冠状病毒方面的潜力。冠状病毒宿主与病原体相互作用中涉及的常见蛋白表明它们在发病机理中不可或缺，因此针对这些蛋白可以提供预防当前和未来冠状病毒爆发的策略。病毒变异性需要针对每次暴发开发新的治疗方式，相反，针对所有冠状病毒所需的必需人类蛋白质，可以为我们提供预防当前和未来冠状病毒暴发的线索。我们发现，针对FURIN和TMPRSS2的靶向药物可以共同提供良好的效果，因为它们共同参与了当前和以前的疫情暴发。我们还列出了针对这两个目标的一些已知分子，以进行潜在的药物再利用评估。虽然，针对冠状病毒的管理，针对这些蛋白质进行的近期研究很多，但是在针对人类蛋白质时，必须将安全性评估和风险评估放在首位。