We determine quantum precision limits for estimation of damping constants and temperature of lossy bosonic channels. A direct application would be the use of light for estimation of the absorption and the temperature of a transparent slab. Analytic lower bounds are obtained for the uncertainty in the estimation, through a purification procedure that replaces the master equation description by a unitary evolution involving the system and ad hoc environments. For zero temperature, Fock states are shown to lead to the minimal uncertainty in the estimation of damping, with boson-counting being the best measurement procedure. In both damping and temperature estimates, sequential prethermalization measurements, through a stream of single bosons, may lead to huge gain in precision.

中文翻译：

---

开放系统的量子感测：阻尼常数和温度的估计

我们确定量子精度极限，以估计阻尼常数和有损耗的玻色子通道的温度。直接的应用将是使用光来估计透明板的吸收率和温度。通过纯化程序获得估计性不确定性的解析下界，该纯化程序用涉及系统和临时环境的单一演化代替了主方程描述。对于零温度，Fock状态在阻尼估计中显示出最小的不确定性，玻色子计数是最佳的测量过程。在阻尼和温度估计中，通过单个玻色子流进行顺序的预热测量可能会导致精度的巨大提高。