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Using Ancient DNA Analysis and Radiocarbon Dating to Determine the Provenance of an Unusual Whaling Artifact
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.505233
Caitlin Mudge , Rebecca Dallwitz , Bastien Llamas , Jeremy J. Austin

Natural history collections provide a critical temporal view of past biodiversity and are instrumental in the study of extinct populations. However, the value of historical specimens relies on correct species identification, collection date and collection locality. The Australian National Maritime Museum (ANMM) holds an unusual artifact – an electric lamp made from a dried whale penis – with unknown age, species-of-origin and collection locality. We used ancient DNA methods to generate a partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome sequence to establish the identity and provenance of the whale, and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating to determine the approximate year of death. Mitochondrial DNA sequences from the 16S rRNA gene and the control region indicate that the specimen belonged to a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and a modern radiocarbon age suggests it was collected post-1950s. We were unable to determine the collection locality of the whale due to the very broad geographic distribution of its mtDNA haplotype. Our results suggest the specimen was possibly collected as a souvenir during post-war whaling, where nearly 30,000 male sperm whales were killed annually. This study supports and extends previous research that applies ancient DNA and radiocarbon dating techniques to enhance the value of natural history collections, by identifying the species-of-origin and age of historical specimens.

中文翻译:

使用古代 DNA 分析和放射性碳测年来确定一个不寻常的捕鲸文物的出处

自然历史收藏提供了过去生物多样性的关键时间视图,有助于研究灭绝种群。然而,历史标本的价值取决于正确的物种识别、采集日期和采集地点。澳大利亚国家海事博物馆 (ANMM) 拥有一件不寻常的文物——一盏由干鲸鱼阴茎制成的电灯——其年龄、来源物种和收藏地点均未知。我们使用古老的 DNA 方法生成部分线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 基因组序列,以确定鲸鱼的身份和来源,并使用加速器质谱 (AMS) 放射性碳测年法确定大致的死亡年份。来自 16S rRNA 基因和控制区的线粒体 DNA 序列表明该标本属于抹香鲸(Physeter macrocephalus),现代放射性碳时代表明它是在 1950 年代后收集的。由于其 mtDNA 单倍型的地理分布非常广泛,我们无法确定鲸鱼的采集地点。我们的研究结果表明,该标本可能是在战后捕鲸期间作为纪念品收集的,每年有近 30,000 头雄性抹香鲸被猎杀。这项研究支持并扩展了先前的研究,这些研究应用古代 DNA 和放射性碳测年技术,通过确定历史标本的物种起源和年龄来提高自然历史收藏的价值。由于其 mtDNA 单倍型的地理分布非常广泛,我们无法确定鲸鱼的采集地点。我们的研究结果表明,该标本可能是在战后捕鲸期间作为纪念品收集的,每年有近 30,000 头雄性抹香鲸被猎杀。这项研究支持并扩展了先前的研究,这些研究应用古代 DNA 和放射性碳测年技术,通过确定历史标本的物种起源和年龄来提高自然历史收藏的价值。由于其 mtDNA 单倍型的地理分布非常广泛,我们无法确定鲸鱼的采集地点。我们的研究结果表明,该标本可能是在战后捕鲸期间作为纪念品收集的,每年有近 30,000 头雄性抹香鲸被猎杀。这项研究支持并扩展了先前的研究,这些研究应用古代 DNA 和放射性碳测年技术,通过确定历史标本的物种起源和年龄来提高自然历史收藏的价值。
更新日期:2020-09-11
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