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Investigating Commercial Filaments for 3D Printing of Stiff and Elastic Constructs with Ligament-Like Mechanics.
Micromachines ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 , DOI: 10.3390/mi11090846
Audrey A Pitaru 1, 2 , Jean-Gabriel Lacombe 1, 2 , Megan E Cooke 1, 2 , Lorne Beckman 3 , Thomas Steffen 3 , Michael H Weber 1, 2 , Paul A Martineau 1, 2 , Derek H Rosenzweig 1, 2, 4
Affiliation  

The current gold standard technique for treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is reconstruction with autograft. These treatments have a relatively high failure and re-tear rate. To overcome this, tissue engineering and additive manufacturing are being used to explore the potential of 3D scaffolds as autograft substitutes. However, mechanically optimal polymers for this have yet to be identified. Here, we aimed to generate a functional substitute to better match the mechanical properties of the native ACL. A fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer was used to microfabricate specimens from six different polymers, PLA, PETG, Lay FOMM 60, NinjaFlex, NinjaFlex-SemiFlex, and FlexiFil, at three different raster angles. The tensile mechanical properties of these polymers were determined from stress-strain curves. Our results indicate that no single material came close enough to successfully match reported mechanical properties of the native ACL. However, PLA and PETG had similar ultimate tensile strengths. Lay FOMM 60 displayed a percentage strain at failure similar to reported values for native ACL. Furthermore, raster angle had a significant impact on some mechanical properties for all of the materials except for FlexiFil. We therefore conclude that while none of these materials alone is optimal for mimicking ACL properties, there may be potential for creating a 3D printed composite constructs to match ACL mechanical properties. Further investigations involving co-printing of stiff and elastomeric materials must be explored.

中文翻译:

使用韧带样力学研究用于硬挺和弹性结构3D打印的商业长丝。

当前治疗前十字韧带(ACL)损伤的金标准技术是自体移植重建术。这些治疗具有相对较高的失败率和再撕裂率。为了克服这个问题,组织工程和增材制造被用于探索3D支架作为自体移植替代物的潜力。然而,尚未确定在机械上最佳的聚合物。在这里,我们旨在生成功能替代品,以更好地匹配原始ACL的机械性能。使用熔融沉积建模(FDM)3D打印机以三种不同的光栅角度对来自六种不同聚合物(PLA,PETG,Lay FOMM 60,NinjaFlex,NinjaFlex-SemiFlex和FlexiFil)的样品进行微加工。这些聚合物的拉伸机械性能由应力-应变曲线确定。我们的结果表明,没有一种材料能足够接近成功地与天然ACL的机械性能相匹配的材料。但是,PLA和PETG具有相似的极限拉伸强度。FOMM层60在失效时显示的百分比应变与原始ACL的报告值相似。此外,除FlexiFil外,光栅角度对所有材料的某些机械性能都有重要影响。因此,我们得出的结论是,虽然这些材料都不是单独的模拟ACL性能的最佳选择,但可能存在创建3D打印复合结构以匹配ACL机械性能的潜力。必须探索涉及硬质和弹性体材料共同印刷的进一步研究。PLA和PETG具有相似的极限拉伸强度。FOMM层60在失效时显示的百分比应变与原始ACL的报告值相似。此外,除FlexiFil外,光栅角度对所有材料的某些机械性能都有重要影响。因此,我们得出的结论是,虽然这些材料都不是单独的模拟ACL性能的最佳选择,但可能存在创建3D打印复合材料构造以匹配ACL机械性能的潜力。必须探索涉及硬质和弹性体材料共同印刷的进一步研究。PLA和PETG具有相似的极限拉伸强度。FOMM层60在失效时显示的百分比应变与原始ACL的报告值相似。此外,除FlexiFil外,光栅角度对所有材料的某些机械性能都有重要影响。因此,我们得出的结论是,虽然这些材料都不是单独的模拟ACL性能的最佳选择,但可能存在创建3D打印复合材料构造以匹配ACL机械性能的潜力。必须探索涉及硬质和弹性体材料共同印刷的进一步研究。因此,我们得出的结论是,虽然这些材料都不是单独的模拟ACL性能的最佳选择,但可能存在创建3D打印复合材料构造以匹配ACL机械性能的潜力。必须探索涉及硬质和弹性体材料共同印刷的进一步研究。因此,我们得出的结论是,虽然这些材料都不是单独的模拟ACL性能的最佳选择,但可能存在创建3D打印复合材料构造以匹配ACL机械性能的潜力。必须探索涉及硬质和弹性体材料共同印刷的进一步研究。
更新日期:2020-09-11
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