With the fast development of modern society and the sharp increase in population, water pollution and shortage of freshwater resources have become increasingly severe problems for mankind. Steam generation by solar energy is an important method for desalination and sewage purification. MoS₂ is a two-dimensional graphene-like material, which has gained wide attraction due to its excellent light absorption and optoelectronic properties. Herein, a low-temperature carbonization method is used to prepare bio-carbon foam, followed by hydrothermal deposition of MoS₂ nanosheets to prepare MoS₂/bio-carbon foam composites (MBCF) for the first time, which are utilized to fabricate a solar steam generator. The MBCF can achieve about 96% solar absorption and a water evaporation rate of 1.49 kg·m^–2·h^–1 under 1000 W·m^–2 simulated solar irradiation. After subtracting the corresponding evaporation rate of 0.085 kg·m^–2·h^–1 under a dark field, its net evaporation rate reaches 1.41 kg·m^–2·h^–1. The effects of hydrothermal time and foam thickness on water evaporation performance are also investigated. The optimum efficiency is obtained when the hydrothermal time is 20 h and the bio-carbon foam thickness is 10 mm. The device exhibits stable evaporation efficiency whether in pure water or seawater under long-time solar illumination (3 h) for 10 cycles. However, the heat loss calculation indicates that only 79.2% of the solar energy is used for water evaporation, lower than 88.3% calculated using the standard latent heat of water vaporization of 2260 kJ·kg^–1. The reasons are discussed in the article.

中文翻译：

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MoS ₂纳米片–用于太阳能蒸汽产生的碳泡沫复合材料

随着现代社会的飞速发展和人口的急剧增加，水污染和淡水资源的短缺已成为人类日益严重的问题。太阳能产生的蒸汽是脱盐和污水净化的重要方法。MoS ₂是一种二维石墨烯状材料，由于其出色的吸光性和光电性能而获得了广泛的吸引力。在此，使用低温碳化法制备生物碳泡沫，然后水热沉积MoS ₂纳米片以制备MoS ₂/生物碳泡沫复合材料（MBCF）首次用于制造太阳能蒸汽发生器。在1000 W·m ^–2模拟太阳辐射下，MBCF可以实现约96％的太阳吸收，水蒸发率为1.49 kg·m ^–2 ·h ^–1。在暗处减去相应的蒸发速率0.085 kg·m ^–2 ·h ^–1后，其净蒸发速率达到1.41 kg·m ^–2 ·h ^–1。还研究了热液时间和泡沫厚度对水蒸发性能的影响。当水热时间为20 h，生物碳泡沫厚度为10 mm时，可获得最佳效率。无论在纯水还是海水中，在长时间的太阳光照下（3 h）进行10个循环，该设备均显示稳定的蒸发效率。但是，热损失计算表明，只有79.2％的太阳能用于水蒸发，低于使用2260 kJ·kg ^–1的标准水蒸发潜热计算的88.3％。文章中讨论了原因。