Abstract The nanofluid forced convection heat exchange in a porous channel within three heated blocks was numerically investigated using the Nonorthogonal multiple-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT-LBM). The effects of various parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction (ϕ), Darcy number (Da) on heat exchange performance and flow phenomena were analyzed when the Pecklel number (Pe), the Prandtl number (Pr), and porosity (ε) were 25, 5.829 and 0.3, respectively. The outcome showed that the mean Nusselt number (Nu) on the surface of heated sources remarkably improved by adding nanoparticles. Furthermore, the forced convection heat exchange of the fluid flow in the mainstream area and the heat conduction in the liquid retention zone had a conspicuous influence on the heat-transfer properties. It is worth noting that the forced convection heat transfer of the fluid flow dominates heat exchange. The simulation showed that the average surface Nusselt number on the heated blocks and the heat exchange performance declined with the increase of the Darcy number.

中文翻译：

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具有多个热源的多孔通道中纳米流体强制对流换热的格子 Boltzmann 方法

摘要 使用非正交多重弛豫时间晶格玻尔兹曼方法（MRT-LBM）数值研究了三个加热块内多孔通道中的纳米流体强制对流换热。分析了当Peckell数(Pe)、Prandtl数(Pr)和孔隙率(ε)为25时，纳米颗粒体积分数(ϕ)、达西数(Da)等各种参数对换热性能和流动现象的影响，分别为 5.829 和 0.3。结果表明，通过添加纳米颗粒，热源表面的平均努塞尔数 (Nu) 显着提高。此外，主流区流体流动的强制对流换热和液体滞留区的热传导对传热性能有显着影响。值得注意的是，流体流动的强制对流传热主导了热交换。模拟结果表明，加热块上的平均表面努塞尔数和热交换性能随着达西数的增加而下降。