ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to determine the impact of selected habitat and agronomic factors on the yield of straw and flax seeds of fibrous flax (Linum usitatissimum L). The research factors were: soil agricultural suitability complex, soil pH, soil type and class, length of the vegetation period, nitrogen fertilization, and forecrop. The effect of the Sielianinov hydrothermal coefficient (K) on the yield of this plant was also studied.

The paper presents results from 240 exact experiments with fibrous flax of the Nike variety. The research was carried out over 20 years at 12 experimental stations of COBORU – the Research Center for Cultivar Testing in Słupia Wielka, located in Poland. The research was conducted in the period 1985–2007.

Flax straw yields were more dependent on the studied factors than seed yields. The crop of straw was favorably affected by cultivation on soils of the following types: good mountain and rye complex, the rendzina type and on soils of class III a and class III b.

Of the forecrop tested – rapeseed was the best, and among the nitrogen fertilization levels, the best was highest dose exceeding 60 kg/ha. The soil pH did not affect the straw yield. The highest seed yield was found on the soil of good rye complex, rendzina type, and class V.

However, soil pH, forecrop and level of nitrogen fertilization did not differentiate the level of seed yield.

The length of the vegetation period differentiated the level of flax yields. The flax crop was positively affected by a longer vegetation period on the soil of cereal-mountain and good wheat complex, brown type with an acid reaction, where flax was cultivated after rape forecrop and the applied nitrogen dose was up to 40 kg/ha. A significant impact of the weather conditions expressed by the Sielianinov hydrothermal coefficient (K) on straw and seed yields was observed.

摘要

本研究的目的是确定选定的生境和农艺因素对纤维亚麻 ( Linum usitatissimum L) 的秸秆和亚麻种子产量的影响。研究因素为：土壤农业适宜性复合体、土壤pH值、土壤类型和等级、植被期长短、施氮肥、前茬。还研究了 Sielianinov 水热系数 (K) 对该植物产量的影响。

该论文展示了对耐克品种的纤维亚麻进行 240 次精确实验的结果。该研究在位于波兰 Słupia Wielka 的栽培品种测试研究中心 COBORU 的 12 个实验站进行了 20 多年。该研究是在 1985-2007 年期间进行的。

亚麻秸秆产量比种子产量更依赖于所研究的因素。在以下类型的土壤上种植稻草对作物有有利影响：良好的山地和黑麦复合体、rendzina 类型以及 III a 类和 III b 类土壤。

在所测试的前茬作物中，油菜籽是最好的，在施氮水平中，最高剂量超过60公斤/公顷是最好的。土壤pH不影响秸秆产量。优质黑麦复合体、rendzina 类型和 V 类土壤中的种子产量最高。

然而，土壤pH、前茬和施氮水平并没有区分种子产量的水平。

植被期的长短区分了亚麻产量的水平。亚麻作物受谷山土壤上较长的植被期和良好的小麦复合体、具有酸反应的棕色型土壤的积极影响，其中亚麻是在油菜前茬后种植的，施氮量高达40 kg/ha。观察到由 Sielianinov 热液系数 (K) 表示的天气条件对稻草和种子产量的显着影响。