The sedimentary organic matter (SOM) assemblages and sedimentology of the Menilite Beds from the Dukla, Grybow and Vrancea units in the Slovakian and Romanian Outer Carpathians are described. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the SOM help ascertain depositional conditions, while the thermal maturity of the organic matter studied is estimated utilizing the Spore Colour Index and UV light excitation techniques. The sedimentary organic particles were grouped into ten SOM categories: marine palynomorphs (dinoflagellate cysts), sporomorphs (saccate and non-saccate, pollen and spores), freshwater algae ( Botryococcus sp., and other freshwater microplankton), phytoclasts (cuticles, translucent wood, opaque wood), resin and amorphous organic matter (AOM). All samples are dominated by AOM. The presence of Botryococcus sp., Pediastrum sp., Pterospermella sp. and Campenia sp., in some samples points to deposition under hyposaline conditions. It is interpreted that the freshwater influx induced water column stratification in the basin, leading to the development of dysoxic to anoxic bottom-water conditions that enhanced the preservation of AOM. Kerogen analysis in UV light and evaluation using the Spore Colour Index demonstrated different thermal maturation patterns from the Slovakian (post-mature) and Romanian (immature) sections. Integrated palynofacies analysis (notably, the presence of freshwater algae) and sedimentological observations (e.g., hummocky cross-stratification) lead to the conclusion that the deposition of the Menilite Beds in the Vrancea Unit (Romania) was relatively proximal to the shoreline, above storm wave base, whereas the Slovakian units (Dukla and Grybow) were deposited in a more distal setting.

中文翻译：

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斯洛伐克和罗马尼亚外喀尔巴阡山脉 Menilite 床（渐新世）的孢粉相分析、沉积学和油气潜力

描述了斯洛伐克和罗马尼亚外喀尔巴阡山脉的 Dukla、Grybow 和 Vrancea 单元的 Menilite 床的沉积有机质 (SOM) 组合和沉积学。SOM 的定性和定量分析有助于确定沉积条件，同时利用孢子颜色指数和紫外光激发技术估计所研究有机物的热成熟度。沉积有机颗粒分为十个 SOM 类别：海洋孢粉体（甲藻囊肿）、孢子体（囊状和非囊状、花粉和孢子）、淡水藻类（葡萄球菌属和其他淡水微浮游生物）、植株（角质层、半透明木材） 、不透明木材）、树脂和无定形有机物 (AOM)。所有样本均以 AOM 为主。Botryococcus sp., Pediastrum sp. 的存在，蕨类植物 和 Campenia sp.，在一些样品中指向低盐度条件下的沉积。据解释，淡水流入导致盆地内水柱分层，导致底水缺氧到缺氧条件的发展，增强了 AOM 的保存。紫外光下的干酪根分析和使用孢子颜色指数的评估表明，斯洛伐克（成熟后）和罗马尼亚（未成熟）部分的热成熟模式不同。综合孢粉相分析（特别是淡水藻类的存在）和沉积学观察结果（例如，丘状交叉分层）得出的结论是，Vrancea 单元（罗马尼亚）的 Menilite 床沉积相对靠近海岸线，高于风暴波基，