Evolution and new frontiers of histology in bio-medical research.,Microscopy Research and Technique

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Evolution and new frontiers of histology in bio-medical research.
Microscopy Research and Technique ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-11 , DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23579
Maria Mazzarini ₁ , Mario Falchi ₂ , Daniele Bani ₃ , Anna Rita Migliaccio _{1,

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Affiliation

Histology refers to the study of the morphology of cells within their natural tissue environment. As a bio‐medical discipline, it dates back to the development of first microscopes which allowed to override the physical visual limitation of the human eye. Since the first observations, it was understood that cell shape predicts function and, therefore, shape alterations can identify and explain dysfunction and diseases. The advancements in morphological investigation techniques have allowed to extend our understanding of the shape–function relationships close to the molecular level of organization of tissues, as well as to derive reliable data not only from fixed, and hence static, biological samples but also living cells and tissues and even for extended time periods. These modern approaches, which encompass quantitative microscopy, precision microscopy, and dynamic microscopy, represent the new frontier of morphology. This article summarizes how the microscopy techniques have evolved to properly face the challenges of biomedical sciences, thus transforming histology from a merely qualitative discipline, which played an ancillary role to traditional “major” sciences such as anatomy, to a modern experimental science capable of driving knowledge progress in biology and medicine.

中文翻译：

生物医学研究中组织学的演变和新前沿。

组织学是指研究细胞在其自然组织环境中的形态。作为一门生物医学学科，它可以追溯到第一台显微镜的发展，它可以超越人眼的物理视觉限制。自第一次观察以来，人们了解到细胞形状可以预测功能，因此形状改变可以识别和解释功能障碍和疾病。形态学研究技术的进步使我们能够扩展我们对接近组织分子水平的形状 - 功能关系的理解，并不仅从固定的、因此静态的生物样本，而且从活细胞中获得可靠的数据和组织，甚至延长时间。这些现代方法，包括定量显微镜，精密显微镜和动态显微镜代表了形态学的新前沿。本文总结了显微镜技术如何演变以正确面对生物医学科学的挑战，从而将组织学从仅对解剖学等传统“主要”科学起辅助作用的定性学科转变为能够驱动的现代实验科学。生物学和医学的知识进步。

更新日期：2020-09-11

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