Repeated cycles of Pleistocene glaciation have influenced phylogeographic structure of taxa on New Zealand's South Island. Many taxa became restricted to refugia at either end of the island during glaciation, resulting in an area of low endemicity in central South Island. This area of low endemism is typified by the so‐called beech (or biotic) gap, where the absence of Nothofagus forest (and many other plant and invertebrate taxa) has been attributed to repeated glaciation. Some taxa, however, appear to have persisted in situ in localized refugia within the biotic gap. We test these alternative hypotheses in a large flightless alpine wētā (grasshopper).

中文翻译：

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保持在冰川景观中：更新世的微refugia由新西兰南岛中部的wētāHemideina maori树证明

更新世冰川的反复循环影响了新西兰南岛的生物分类系统。冰川融化期间，许多类群被限制在岛的两端避难所，导致南岛中部地区的地方病流行率较低。低流行性的这一地区以所谓的山毛榉（或生物）缺口为代表，那里的Nothofagus森林（以及许多其他植物和无脊椎动物类群）的缺乏归因于反复的冰川作用。但是，某些分类单元似乎在生物间隙内的局部避难所中原位持续存在。我们在一个大型的无法飞翔的高山wētā（蚱hopper）中测试了这些替代假设。