Handling Editor: Fumin Lei Abstract Aim: Under a global change scenario, research focused on changes in assembly patterns over spatial and temporal axes is paramount. Despite an increasing need to assess whether associations among diversity and community metrics change in relation to environmental heterogeneity, the way in which community assembly rules vary across habitats has been hardly explored. Here, we tested for differences in patterns of functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) between farmland and forest bird communities in order to improve our understanding about how biological communities respond to anthropogenic disturbances. Location: Continental France. Taxon: 107 species of common birds. Methods: We used an extensive dataset (13 years; 7,115 bird communities) from the French Breeding Bird survey in conjunction with a matrix of 142 functional traits (including information on habitat, diet, life-stories, behaviour and morphology) to compute different metrics of FD and PD and examine how these vary between habitat types and across time. Results: We found that farmland assemblages showed higher FD and PD than forest assemblages, which were phylogenetically clustered. Both FD and PD of forest assemblages increased with increasing species richness, whereas in farmland assemblages the relationship was asymptotic in both cases. This pattern may be due to the accumulation of generalists, which can end up displacing specialist species when the environment becomes oversaturated triggering a decline in diversity. Contrary to expectations, FD and PD of farmland assemblages increased over the study period, whereas forest assemblages showed a non-linear pattern. Farmland and forest assemblages also showed divergent trajectories over time in relation to FD metrics. Main conclusions: Although farmland intensification led to a sharp decline in populations of farmland birds, agricultural landscapes in southern Europe still harbour diversity-rich communities probably due to the legacy effects of past land-use (traditional practices). Our study highlights the need to take into account the influence of historical landscape configurations when assessing the effect that contemporary land uses have on biotic communities.

中文翻译：

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农田鸟类组合表现出比法国森林组合更高的功能和系统发育多样性

处理编辑：雷富民 摘要 目的：在全球变化的情景下，以空间和时间轴上的装配模式变化为重点的研究至关重要。尽管越来越需要评估多样性和群落指标之间的关联是否与环境异质性相关，但几乎没有探索过不同栖息地的群落组装规则的变化方式。在这里，我们测试了农田和森林鸟类群落之间功能多样性 (FD) 和系统发育多样性 (PD) 模式的差异，以提高我们对生物群落如何应对人为干扰的理解。地点：法国大陆。分类群：107种常见鸟类。方法：我们使用了广泛的数据集（13 年；7，115 个鸟类群落）结合 142 个功能特征矩阵（包括栖息地、饮食、生活故事、行为和形态的信息）来计算 FD 和 PD 的不同指标，并检查它们在不同栖息地之间的差异类型和跨时间。结果：我们发现农田组合显示出比森林组合更高的 FD 和 PD，它们在系统发育上是聚类的。森林组合的 FD 和 PD 都随着物种丰富度的增加而增加，而在农田组合中，两种情况下的关系都是渐近的。这种模式可能是由于通才的积累，当环境变得过饱和导致多样性下降时，通才最终可能会取代专业物种。与预期相反，农田组合的 FD 和 PD 在研究期间增加，而森林组合显示非线性模式。随着时间的推移，农田和森林组合也显示出与 FD 指标相关的不同轨迹。主要结论：尽管农田集约化导致农田鸟类数量急剧下降，但由于过去土地利用（传统做法）的遗留影响，南欧的农业景观仍然拥有多样性丰富的社区。我们的研究强调，在评估当代土地利用对生物群落的影响时，需要考虑历史景观配置的影响。主要结论：尽管农田集约化导致农田鸟类数量急剧下降，但由于过去土地利用（传统做法）的遗留影响，南欧的农业景观仍然拥有多样性丰富的社区。我们的研究强调，在评估当代土地利用对生物群落的影响时，需要考虑历史景观配置的影响。主要结论：尽管农田集约化导致农田鸟类数量急剧下降，但由于过去土地利用（传统做法）的遗留影响，南欧的农业景观仍然拥有多样性丰富的社区。我们的研究强调，在评估当代土地利用对生物群落的影响时，需要考虑历史景观配置的影响。