The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of fish oil on the gut microbiota of rats with alcoholic liver damage. Thirty-six male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into six groups: C (control), CF25 (control diet with 25% fish oil substitution), CF57 (control diet with 57% fish oil substitution), E (ethanol-containing diet), EF25 (ethanol-containing diet with 25% fish oil substitution), and EF57 (ethanol-containing diet with 57% fish oil substitution) groups. All groups were pair-fed an isoenergetic diet based on the E group. Rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Rats in the E group showed significant hepatic injuries including high plasma aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase activities, hepatic cytokine levels, plasma endotoxin level, and protein expression of the toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway; moreover, lipid accumulation and inflammation based on histological examinations were also observed. In contrast, these phenomena was ameliorated in rats of the EF25 and EF57 groups. Although the intestinal structure did not change among the groups, alterations in the gut microbiotic composition were observed due to chronic ethanol intake and fish oil replacement such as the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, Chao-1 index, ACE index, a principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis of effect size. In terms of the gut-liver axis, this study confirmed that fish oil replacement exerted ameliorative effects on ethanol-induced liver injuries in rats by acting through alterations in the microbiotic composition.

这项研究的目的是阐明鱼油对酒精性肝损伤大鼠肠道菌群的影响。将36只Wistar大鼠（8周大）分为六组：C（对照组），CF25（用25％鱼油替代的对照饮食），CF57（用57％的鱼油替代的对照饮食），E（乙醇-组，含EF25（含25％鱼油替代品的含乙醇饮食）和EF57（含57％鱼油替代品的含乙醇饮食）组。所有组均以E组为基础进行同能量饮食。8周后处死大鼠。E组大鼠表现出严重的肝损伤，包括高血浆天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸转氨酶活性，肝细胞因子水平，血浆内毒素水平以及toll样受体4信号通路的蛋白质表达。此外，还观察到基于组织学检查的脂质蓄积和炎症。相反，在EF25和EF57组的大鼠中这些现象得到改善。尽管各组之间的肠道结构没有变化，但是由于长期摄入乙醇和鱼油的替代物，例如硬菌对细菌的比率，Chao-1指数，ACE指数，主成分分析，肠道微生物组成发生了变化。效应大小的线性判别分析。在肠肝轴方面，这项研究证实，鱼油替代物通过改变微生物组成而对乙醇引起的大鼠肝损伤产生改善作用。这些现象在EF25和EF57组的大鼠中得到改善。尽管各组之间的肠道结构没有变化，但是由于长期摄入乙醇和鱼油的替代物，例如硬菌对细菌的比率，Chao-1指数，ACE指数，主成分分析，肠道微生物组成发生了变化。效应大小的线性判别分析。在肠肝轴方面，这项研究证实，鱼油替代物通过改变微生物组成而对乙醇引起的大鼠肝损伤产生改善作用。这些现象在EF25和EF57组的大鼠中得到改善。尽管各组之间的肠道结构没有变化，但是由于长期摄入乙醇和鱼油的替代物，例如硬菌对细菌的比率，Chao-1指数，ACE指数，主成分分析，观察到肠道微生物组成发生变化。效应大小的线性判别分析。在肠肝轴方面，这项研究证实，鱼油替代物通过改变微生物组成而对乙醇引起的大鼠肝损伤产生改善作用。观察到由于长期摄入乙醇和鱼油替代导致肠道微生物组成发生变化，例如硬菌对拟杆菌比率，Chao-1指数，ACE指数，主成分分析和效应大小的线性判别分析。在肠肝轴方面，这项研究证实，鱼油替代物通过改变微生物组成而对乙醇引起的大鼠肝损伤产生改善作用。观察到由于长期摄入乙醇和鱼油替代导致肠道微生物组成发生变化，例如硬菌对拟杆菌比率，Chao-1指数，ACE指数，主成分分析和效应大小的线性判别分析。在肠肝轴方面，这项研究证实，鱼油替代物通过改变微生物组成而对乙醇引起的大鼠肝损伤产生改善作用。