Abstract Flexible porous composites, as sorbent materials with shape recoverability and excellent adsorption capacity, have always attracted many attentions in these years. In order to endow the sponge with selective adsorption, the sponge needs to be prepared as a superhydrophobic material. In this paper, the nano-graphite flakes were adhered to the melamine sponge by polydimethylsiloxane, and then the sponge was silanized with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane to prepare a superhydrophobic conductive sponge. The prepared sponge has excellent adsorption capacity for oil and organic solvent. It can not only absorb 24–40 g of organic solvent per gram of sponge, but also absorb oil in the oil-in-water emulsion. After the emulsion separation, the COD value of the emulsion can be reduced to 260 mg/L. Even after hundreds of adsorption-extrusion cycles, it can still maintain more than 92% of the adsorption capacity for organic solvents. In addition, its electrical conductivity makes it having potential application for pressure sensors. After adsorbing different organic solvents, the composite exhibits particular current changes and can be used as a sensor for organic solvents to detect the presence of different types of organic solvents.

中文翻译：

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用于油水分离和有机溶剂检测的柔性 3D 多孔超疏水复合材料

摘要 柔性多孔复合材料作为具有形状恢复性和优异吸附能力的吸附材料，近年来一直备受关注。为了赋予海绵选择性吸附，需要将海绵制备成超疏水材料。本文采用聚二甲基硅氧烷将纳米石墨薄片粘附在三聚氰胺海绵上，然后用十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷对海绵进行硅烷化处理，制备出超疏水导电海绵。制备的海绵对油类和有机溶剂具有优良的吸附能力。每克海绵不仅能吸收24-40克有机溶剂，还能吸收水包油乳液中的油脂。乳液分离后，乳液的COD值可降至260mg/L。即使经过数百次吸附-挤出循环，对有机溶剂仍能保持92%以上的吸附能力。此外，其导电性使其具有用于压力传感器的潜在应用。吸附不同的有机溶剂后，复合材料表现出特定的电流变化，可用作有机溶剂的传感器，检测不同类型有机溶剂的存在。