Abstract The aim of this work is the design of a pitot probe (PP) prototype in order to retard the cool down of the tip, in case of a heating element failure. The viability of operation in flight conditions is evaluated. The design consists of a redundant heating system incorporating phase change materials (PCM). Combining experimental observations of ice formation with the implementation of the conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model, with the addition of the heat release due to the phase change of the PCM, the numerical evaluation is developed. The modelling assumptions and numerical implementation of the phase change process are presented. Then, the selection an appropriate PCM is based on the low flammability and volume dilation and the quantitative effects of the material properties on the heat transfer. A commercial PCM solution based on salt hydrates was chosen as the most adequate for the design. The parametric design of the prototype, based on the design of experiment method and fractional factorial testing, is established. A multiple linear regression model was obtained in order to maximize the cooling retardation. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the prototype PP tip temperature remains 194 s longer above 0 °C than that of the conventional model analyzed.

中文翻译：

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带有相变材料冗余加热系统的航空皮托管设计

摘要 这项工作的目的是设计一个皮托管 (PP) 原型，以便在加热元件发生故障时延缓尖端的冷却。评估在飞行条件下运行的可行性。该设计由包含相变材料 (PCM) 的冗余加热系统组成。将结冰的实验观察与共轭传热 (CHT) 模型的实施相结合，加上由于 PCM 的相变而释放的热量，开发了数值评估。介绍了相变过程的建模假设和数值实现。然后，选择合适的 PCM 基于低可燃性和体积膨胀以及材料特性对传热的定量影响。选择基于盐水合物的商业 PCM 解决方案作为最适合设计的解决方案。在实验方法设计和部分因子检验的基础上，建立了原型的参数化设计。获得多元线性回归模型以最大化冷却延迟。数值模拟表明，与分析的传统模型相比，原型 PP 尖端温度在 0 °C 以上保持 194 秒。