Cladocerans can recognize predation risk by sensing the chemical cues released by their predators, and adopt effective anti-predator defensive strategies to avoid being predated. In nature waters, temperature, as one of the key abiotic factors, fluctuates with day-night and seasons, especially under climate warming, which may impact the inducible anti-predator defenses of cladocerans. To investigate the effects of rising temperatures on the inducible anti-predator defenses of cladocerans, we cultured a common species Ceriodaphnia cornuta at presence or absence of Chaoborus sp. larvae kairomone at 15, 20, 25, and 30 °C for 15 days. Results showed that both the inducible anti-predator morphological responses and all the life history traits of C. cornuta were significantly affected by temperature changes. Specifically, rising temperature accelerated the inducible defense responses of the horn formation, but reduced the expression intensity of this morphological defense trait. With increasing temperature, the body size was increased, the time to first reproduction was decreased, and the reproduction was enhanced, indicating that C. cornuta tends to adopt K-selective strategy with maturity at relatively larger size and r-selective strategy with relatively earlier reproductive time and more offspring under warming conditions. These data demonstrated that the inducible anti-predator responses and the life history traits of C. cornuta can be shifted by temperature changes, which may indirectly affect top-down species interactions. Our study highlights the importance of incorporating species interactions when estimating the impact of rising temperature on species.

枝角类动物可以通过感知其捕食者释放的化学线索来识别捕食风险，并采取有效的反捕食者防御策略来避免被捕食。在自然水域中，温度（作为重要的非生物因素之一）会随着昼夜和季节而波动，尤其是在气候变暖的情况下，这可能会影响锁骨蟹的诱导性抗捕食者防御能力。为了研究温度升高对锁骨角藻的诱导型抗捕食者防御的影响，我们在存在或不存在Chaophorus sp的情况下培养了常见的Ceriodaphnia cornuta物种。在15、20、25和30°C下放置15天的幼虫海洛酮。结果表明，诱导抗捕食形态响应和所有的生活史都C.枸骨受温度变化的影响很大。具体而言，温度升高加速了角形成的诱导防御反应，但降低了这种形态防御性状的表达强度。随着温度的升高，体形增加，初次繁殖的时间减少，繁殖增加，这表明角果梭菌倾向于采用成熟度较大的K-选择策略和相对较早的r-选择策略。繁殖时间和变暖条件下更多的后代。这些数据表明，诱导反捕食反应和生活史特征C.枸骨温度变化可能会导致其移动，这可能间接影响自上而下的物种相互作用。我们的研究强调了在评估温度升高对物种的影响时，纳入物种相互作用的重要性。