Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important lipid biomolecule that exerts pleiotropic cellular actions as it binds to and activates its five G-protein-coupled receptors, S1P_1–5. Through these receptors, S1P can mediate diverse biological activities in both healthy and diseased conditions. S1P is produced by S1P-producing enzymes, sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2), and is abundantly present in different organs, including the brain. The medically important roles of receptor-mediated S1P signaling are well characterized in multiple sclerosis because FTY720 (Gilenya™, Novartis), a non-selective S1P receptor modulator, is currently used as a treatment for this disease. In cerebral ischemia, its role is also notable because of FTY720’s efficacy in both rodent models and human patients with cerebral ischemia. In particular, some of the S1P receptors, including S1P₁, S1P₂, and S1P₃, have been identified as pathogenic players in cerebral ischemia. Other than these receptors, S1P itself and S1P-producing enzymes have been shown to play certain roles in cerebral ischemia. This review aims to compile the current updates and overviews about the roles of S1P signaling, along with a focus on S1P receptors in cerebral ischemia, based on recent studies that used in vivo rodent models of cerebral ischemia.

1-磷酸鞘氨醇 (S1P) 是一种重要的脂质生物分子，当它结合并激活其五个 G 蛋白偶联受体 S1P _{1–5 时}，它会发挥多效性细胞作用. 通过这些受体，S1P 可以在健康和患病条件下介导多种生物活动。S1P 由产生 S1P 的酶、鞘氨醇激酶（SphK1 和 SphK2）产生，并且大量存在于不同的器官中，包括大脑。受体介导的 S1P 信号传导在医学上的重要作用在多发性硬化症中得到了很好的表征，因为 FTY720（Gilenya™，Novartis）是一种非选择性 S1P 受体调节剂，目前用于治疗这种疾病。在脑缺血中，由于 FTY720 在啮齿动物模型和脑缺血人类患者中的功效，它的作用也很显着。特别是一些 S1P 受体，包括 S1P ₁、S1P ₂和 S1P ₃, 已被确定为脑缺血的致病因素。除了这些受体，S1P 本身和 S1P 产生酶已被证明在脑缺血中发挥某些作用。本综述旨在根据最近使用脑缺血的体内啮齿动物模型的研究，汇编关于 S1P 信号传导作用的当前更新和概述，以及对脑缺血中 S1P 受体的关注。