Introduction

Salivary metabolite profiles are altered in adults with HIV compared to their uninfected counterparts. Less is known about youth with HIV and how oral disorders that commonly accompany HIV infection impact salivary metabolite levels.

Objective

As part of the Adolescent Master Protocol multi-site cohort study of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) network we compared the salivary metabolome of youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) and youth HIV-exposed, but uninfected (PHEU) and determined whether metabolites differ in PHIV versus PHEU.

Methods

We used three complementary targeted and discovery-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) workflows to characterize salivary metabolite levels in 20 PHIV and 20 PHEU youth with and without moderate periodontitis. We examined main effects associated with PHIV and periodontal disease, and the interaction between them.

Results

We did not identify differences in salivary metabolite profiles that remained significant under stringent control for both multiple between-group comparisons and multiple metabolites. Levels of cadaverine, a known periodontitis-associated metabolite, were more abundant in individuals with periodontal disease with the difference being more pronounced in PHEU than PHIV. In the discovery-based dataset, we identified a total of 564 endogenous peptides in the metabolite extracts, showing that proteolytic processing and amino acid metabolism are important to consider in the context of HIV infection.

Conclusion

The salivary metabolite profiles of PHIV and PHEU youth were overall very similar. Individuals with periodontitis particularly among the PHEU youth had higher levels of cadaverine, suggesting that HIV infection, or its treatment, may influence the metabolism of oral bacteria.

中文翻译：

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围产期感染 HIV 的患有牙周病的青少年的唾液代谢物水平。

介绍

与未感染的成年人相比，感染 HIV 的成年人的唾液代谢物谱发生了改变。对感染 HIV 的青少年以及通常伴随 HIV 感染的口腔疾病如何影响唾液代谢物水平知之甚少。

客观的

作为儿科 HIV/AIDS 队列研究 (PHACS) 网络的 Adolescent Master Protocol 多站点队列研究的一部分，我们比较了围产期获得性 HIV (PHIV) 和 HIV 暴露但未感染 (PHEU) 的青少年的唾液代谢组并确定 PHIV 与 PHEU 的代谢物是否不同。

方法

我们使用了三种互补的靶向和基于发现的液相色谱-串联质谱 (LC-MS/MS) 工作流程来表征 20 名患有和不患有中度牙周炎的 PHIV 和 20 名 PHEU 青年的唾液代谢物水平。我们研究了与 PHIV 和牙周病相关的主要影响，以及它们之间的相互作用。

结果

对于多重组间比较和多重代谢物，我们没有发现在严格控制下仍然显着的唾液代谢物谱的差异。尸胺（一种已知的牙周炎相关代谢物）水平在牙周病患者中更丰富，PHEU 中的差异比 PHIV 更明显。在基于发现的数据集中，我们在代谢物提取物中总共鉴定了 564 种内源性肽，表明在 HIV 感染的背景下，蛋白水解加工和氨基酸代谢是重要的考虑因素。

结论

PHIV 和 PHEU 青年的唾液代谢物谱总体上非常相似。患有牙周炎的人，尤其是 PHEU 青年的尸胺水平较高，这表明 HIV 感染或其治疗可能会影响口腔细菌的代谢。