Globally, Sus scrofa is one of the most widely recognized species inhabiting earth alongside humans. Known by many names (wild boar, domestic swine, feral pig), S. scrofa is both an ecosystem engineer and an important agricultural species. Originating in Southeast Asia 5 million years ago, S. scrofa naturally expanded throughout Eurasia and into North Africa but now inhabits every continent, except Antarctica. The worldwide distribution of S. scrofa can be attributed largely to human-mediated transport occurring over the course of the past 500 years particularly during the European age of exploration. Biologically, the differences between wild, domestic, and feral populations can be traced to these historical events, which resulted in a marked increase in reproductive rates and growth rates among domestic populations that have generally been shown to regress when these populations become feral. Given the importance of this species ecologically and the great deal of available research describing it, this review summarizes existing literature on the global expansion and corresponding biological changes of S. scrofa within a historical and genetic context to allow for better understanding of the species.

在全球范围内，Sus scrofa是人类与人类共同生活在地球上的最广泛认可的物种之一。野猪链球菌（S. scrofa）以许多名字（野猪，家猪，野猪）而闻名，既是生态系统工程师，又是重要的农业物种。S. scrofa起源于500万年前的东南亚，自然而然地扩展到整个欧亚大陆和北非，但现在栖息于除南极洲以外的所有大陆。S. scrofa的全球分布在很大程度上，这可以归因于过去500年来，特别是在欧洲勘探时代，人类介导的运输活动。从生物学上讲，野生，家养和野生种群之间的差异可追溯到这些历史事件，这导致国内种群的生殖速率和增长率显着增加，这些种群通常被证明在成为野生种群后会退化。考虑到该物种在生态上的重要性以及大量描述它的现有研究，本综述总结了有关S.scrofa在历史和遗传背景下的全球扩展和相应的生物学变化的现有文献，以便更好地了解该物种。