Conservation efforts are increasingly supported by ecosystem service assessments. These assessments depend on complex multi-disciplinary methods, and rely on a number of assumptions which reduce complexity. If assumptions are ambiguous or inadequate, misconceptions and misinterpretations may arise when interpreting results of assessments. An interdisciplinary understanding of assumptions in ecosystem service science is needed to provide consistent conservation recommendations. Here, we synthesise and elaborate on 12 prevalent types of assumptions in ecosystem service assessments. These comprise conceptual and ethical foundations of the ecosystem service concept, assumptions on data collection, indication, mapping, and modelling, on socio-economic valuation and value aggregation, as well as about using assessment results for decision-making. We recommend future assessments to increase transparency about assumptions, and to test and validate them and their potential consequences on assessment reliability. This will support the taking up of assessment results in conservation science, policy and practice.

保护工作越来越受到生态系统服务评估的支持。这些评估取决于复杂的多学科方法，并取决于许多降低复杂性的假设。如果假设不明确或不充分，则在解释评估结果时可能会产生误解和误解。为了提供一致的保护建议，需要对生态系统服务科学的假设有跨学科的理解。在这里，我们综合并详细阐述了生态系统服务评估中的12种流行假设。这些内容包括生态系统服务概念的概念和道德基础，数据收集，指示，制图和建模，社会经济评估和价值汇总的假设，以及使用评估结果进行决策的假设。我们建议将来进行评估，以增加假设的透明度，并测试和验证假设及其对评估可靠性的潜在影响。这将支持对保护科学，政策和实践进行评估。