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The Limits of Empirical Electron Density Modeling: Examining the Capacity of E‐CHAIM and the IRI for Modeling Intermediate (1‐ to 30‐Day) Timescales at High Latitudes
Radio Science ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-30 , DOI: 10.1029/2018rs006763
David R. Themens 1 , P. T. Jayachandran 1 , Benjamin Reid 1 , Anthony M. McCaffrey 1
Affiliation  

The Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E‐CHAIM) is a new empirical 3‐D electron density model intended as an alternative to the use of conventional standards, such as the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), at high latitudes (above 50°N). In this study, we have manually scaled a year of data from two Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) ionosondes. Using this high‐quality data, we examine the behavior of the polar cap ionosphere under disturbed geomagnetic conditions and assess the capacity of E‐CHAIM to model polar cap F2‐peak electron density variability on “weather‐like,” intermediate timescales (1–30 days). This is a particularly challenging environment for monthly median empirical models due to the regular occurrence of variations about the monthly mean of up to 2 MHz. We demonstrate in this study that E‐CHAIM's storm model is capable of explaining 4 to 25% of polar cap foF2 variance at 1‐ to 30‐day timescales and 5 to 50% of the amplitude of that variability, while the IRI's Storm‐Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) only explains 0.2 to 9% of the variance at these timescales and no more than 5% of their amplitude. While the IRI's STORM model provided no measurable improvement over the monthly median, E‐CHAIM's storm parameterization was able to improve overall root‐mean‐square errors by 0.05 to 0.1 MHz over its quiet time model. The overall improvement through the use of storm foF2 parameterizations is found to be limited, but measurable, particularly during storm periods, where an average improvement in root‐mean‐square error of 20% is observed.

中文翻译:

电子密度建模的局限性:检查E-CHAIM和IRI在高纬度中(1至30天)时标建模的能力

加拿大经验高北极电离层模型(E-CHAIM)是一种新的经验3D电子密度模型,旨在在高纬度(50°以上)替代常规标准,例如国际参考电离层(IRI)的使用。 N)。在这项研究中,我们手动缩放了来自两个加拿大高北极电离层网络(CHAIN)离子探空仪的一年数据。利用这些高质量的数据,我们检查了受干扰的地磁条件下极帽电离层的行为,并评估了E-CHAIM在“类似天气”的中间时间尺度上模拟极帽F2峰电子密度变化的能力(1– 30天)。对于每月中位数经验模型而言,这是一个特别具有挑战性的环境,这是因为通常会出现高达2 MHz的每月平均值变化。我们在这项研究中证明,E‐CHAIM的风暴模型能够在1到30天的时间尺度上解释4%到25%的极值foF2方差,以及该变化幅度的5%到50%,而IRI的Storm-Time电离层校正模型(STORM)在这些时间尺度上只能解释0.2%至9%的方差,而不能解释其幅度的5%以上。尽管IRI的STORM模型没有比月中位数有任何可衡量的改善,但E-CHAIM的风暴参数设置能够将整个均方根误差比其安静时间模型提高0.05-0.1 MHz。发现通过使用风暴foF2参数化进行的总体改进是有限的,但是可以衡量的,特别是在风暴期间,在该阶段可以看到平均均方根误差平均提高20%。风暴模型能够在1至30天的时间尺度上解释4%至25%的极地帽foF2方差,以及该变化幅度的5%至50%,而IRI的风暴时间电离层校正模型(STORM)仅能解释在这些时间尺度上,变化的0.2%至9%,且幅度不超过其5%。尽管IRI的STORM模型没有比月中位数有任何可衡量的改善,但E-CHAIM的风暴参数设置能够将整个均方根误差比其安静时间模型提高0.05-0.1 MHz。发现通过使用风暴foF2参数化实现的总体改进是有限的,但是是可以衡量的,尤其是在风暴期间,在此期间,均方根误差的平均改进为20%。风暴模型能够在1至30天的时间尺度上解释4%至25%的极地帽foF2方差,以及该变化幅度的5%至50%,而IRI的风暴时间电离层校正模型(STORM)仅能解释在这些时间尺度上,变化的0.2%至9%,且幅度不超过其5%。尽管IRI的STORM模型没有比月中位数有任何可衡量的改善,但E-CHAIM的风暴参数设置能够将整个均方根误差比其安静时间模型提高0.05-0.1 MHz。发现通过使用风暴foF2参数化实现的总体改进是有限的,但是是可以衡量的,尤其是在风暴期间,在此期间,均方根误差的平均改进为20%。
更新日期:2020-03-30
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