The study was carried out to evaluate the health risks associated with accumulation of cadmium in the different genotypes of wheat, grown in agricultural regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Five genotypes irrigated with three varied water sources were selected randomly from each region. Among all sources of water, types of soil, and grain samples, the cadmium (Cd) quantities were found (2.24-2.82 mg/L, 1.75-4.16 mg/kg, 0.86-1.90, respectively), exceeding the maximum permissible limits (0.01 mg/L, 1.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, respectively) described by FAO/WHO. The pollution load index (PLI) exhibited by all of the samples was higher than 1.00, the permissible limit; however, other factors including bioaccumulation, translocation, bio-concentration, daily intake, and enrichment values of Cd were less than 1.00. Moreover, the health risk index for cadmium in all types of wheat grain samples was less than 1.00. The study concluded that the continuous use of wastewater resources may lead to the accumulation of cadmium in the vital body organs that may cause severe health hazards.

中文翻译：

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农业区不同水源灌溉的不同基因型小麦作物中镉的生物累积量。

这项研究旨在评估巴基斯坦旁遮普邦农业地区种植的不同基因型小麦中与镉积累相关的健康风险。从每个区域随机选择五种基因型，分别灌溉三种不同的水源。在所有水源，土壤类型和谷物样品中，发现的镉（Cd）量（分别为2.24-2.82 mg / L，1.75-4.16 mg / kg，0.86-1.90），超过了最大允许限值（分别由FAO / WHO描述为0.01 mg / L，1.1 mg / kg，0.2 mg / kg。所有样品显示的污染负荷指数（PLI）均高于允许的极限1.00；但是，包括生物积累，转运，生物浓度，每日摄入量和镉富集值在内的其他因素均小于1.00。此外，所有类型小麦籽粒中镉的健康风险指数均小于1.00。研究得出的结论是，废水资源的持续利用可能导致镉在人体重要器官中的积累，可能对健康造成严重危害。