Sulfonamide antibiotics have highly toxic effects on humans and other organisms within the food chain. Adsorption by various carbonaceous materials is an effective method for removing them from the aqueous environment. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted between adsorbents and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by studies of characterization, isotherm model, and kinetic model. The adsorption performances and mechanism of fifteen carbonaceous materials to remove SMX have been comprehensively evaluated. Results of the characterization showed that not only porosity, but also surface chemistry plays an important role in the adsorption process. Changes in the type and quantity of functional groups before and after adsorption are positive for the recyclability of carbonaceous materials. Moreover, kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-kinetic model and the intra-particle diffusion model. Four adsorbents (i.e., W-GAC, 3M-GAC, GP, and PAC) in this study have the best performance in each corresponding category in terms of the adsorption of SMX. Therefore, the results provide an indispensable reference for evaluating the adsorption performances of a variety of carbonaceous materials, and thus can support the selection of adsorbents for different applications. Graphical abstract.

中文翻译：

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综合评估碳质材料对磺酰胺类抗生素的吸附性能。

磺胺类抗生素对食物链中的人类和其他生物具有剧毒作用。各种含碳物质的吸附是从含水环境中除去它们的有效方法。通过表征，等温模型和动力学模型的研究，在吸附剂和磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）之间进行了批量吸附实验。全面评估了十五种含碳材料对SMX的吸附性能和机理。表征结果表明，不仅孔隙率，而且表面化学在吸附过程中也起重要作用。吸附前后官能团类型和数量的变化对于碳质材料的可回收性具有积极意义。此外，动力学研究表明，吸附过程遵循伪二次动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型。就SMX的吸附而言，本研究中的四种吸附剂（即W-GAC，3M-GAC，GP和PAC）在每个相应类别中均具有最佳性能。因此，该结果为评估各种含碳材料的吸附性能提供了必不可少的参考，因此可以支持针对不同应用的吸附剂的选择。图形概要。该结果为评估各种碳质材料的吸附性能提供了必不可少的参考，因此可以支持针对不同应用选择吸附剂。图形概要。该结果为评估各种碳质材料的吸附性能提供了必不可少的参考，因此可以支持针对不同应用选择吸附剂。图形概要。